lepidoptera: moths. 167 



pearance about the time the leaves of the apple tree 

 begin to start from the bud. They hatch from clusters 

 of eggs which have been placed upon the fruit and 

 shade trees at various times in and since the autumn 

 before. They immediately commence to eat. They 

 first pierce the leaves with small holes, but as they 

 grow they enlarge these holes, and by and by little 

 more is left than the midrib and veins. When not 

 eating, they lie stretched at full length beneath the 

 leaves. When about four weeks old they reach their 

 full size, — about an inch. They now quit eating, de- 

 scend to the ground, and, entering to the depth of 

 a few inches, each makes a little cavity, and soon passes 

 into the chrysalis state. Here they remain till after the 

 first frosts of autumn, when they begin to come forth, 

 mainly in the night, in the moth state, and continue to 

 do so, whenever the weather is mild enough, through- 

 out the remainder of the autumn and the winter. 

 They rise in the greatest numbers, however, in the 

 spring. The females crawl up the nearest trees, are 

 joined by the males, and soon begin to lay eggs in 

 rows, forming clusters of sixty to a hundred or more, 

 each cluster being the product of a single female. 



Leaf Rollers. 



The Leaf Rollers are Moths which, in the caterpillar 

 state, roll up the edges of leaves, fasten- 

 ing them with threads of silk and leav- 

 ing the ends of the roll open. The moths 

 are small, with the fore wings prettily 



„. „ , f banded, and sometimes adorned with 

 Fig. 285. — Leaf ' 



Roller. golden spots. 



