GEOLOGY OF SQUARE ISLAND. 143 



little rill, earthworms, groundbeetles, cutworms, and 

 the maggots of the crane-fly. 



Here mingled with an Empetrum-like plant was the 

 Andromeda polzfolia,w\t\i bumble-bees probing its deep 

 flowers ; sedges were in flower, one like our Carex penn- 

 sylvanica and perhaps representing it in the Labrador 

 flora ; the leaves of the hackmatack or larch were half 

 an inch long, but the birches and mountain-ash were 

 not yet fully leaved out ; blue and white violets were 

 sprinkled among the low sedges, while the flowers of 

 the cloud-berry were now dropping off. The Viburnum 

 lantanoides was scarcely full-leaved ; the bunch-berry 

 {Cornus Canadensis) was either in bud or else with 

 small green flowers. The gold-thread, or Coptis, was in 

 full flower ; the fire-weed (^Epilobium augustifolium) 

 was but six inches high, the buds not yet apparent. 



Robins were singing in the old familiar way, and the 

 white-crowned sparrow was flitting about as if thor- 

 oughly at home and rather enjoying the desolateness of 

 the scenery. 



The geology of Square Island harbor is varied by the 

 presence of a peculiar dark syenite due to the labrador- 

 ite which replaces the flesh-colored feldspar of the syen- 

 ite to the southward, while there are large masses of 

 dark green actinolite with a little quartz, and some iron 

 pyrites. This peculiar eruptive rock is weathered into 

 high rounded conical sugar-loaf hills, which lends a 

 peculiar feature to the scenery of the coast. At certain 

 points this rock passes into a finely-grained gneiss, with 

 the scenic features of that rock, but yet combined with 

 an added feature due to its granitoid character; the 

 rock crumbles rather easily, and on the shores of the 



