THE COAST NEAR HOPEDALE. 1 95 



lands of this coast, which in nearly all respects are arc- 

 tic and circumpolar, though Hopedale is in the latitude 

 of Dubhn. 



Another Greenland shell, a Httle fresh-water bivalve 

 {Pisidium steenbuchii^ not before known to live south 

 of Greenland, was common in the pools, from which 

 were arising caddis-flies and an Ephemera. A worker 

 bumble-bee was also seen here for the first time, not- 

 withstanding the cold weather of the past few days. 



Here were again to be observed the signs of the for- 

 mer depression of land which marked the height of the 

 Leda-clay epoch (the Champlain epoch of the books) ; 

 beaches at least 100 feet high, with two terraces, the 

 lower one from fifteen to twenty feet above the sea-level. 

 The afternoon of July 30th saw us safe in the harbor of 

 Hopedale. A fresh, fair, west wind blowing all night 

 let us out of- our snug little haven at Strawberry. Our 

 pilot simply knew the way to Hopedale, and some of 

 the more dangerous rocks along our course. The wind 

 was so fresh that our cautious captain took two reefs in 

 the mainsail, but it only blew strongly out of the bay, 

 being an off-shore wind, and the force of the breeze di- 

 minished sensibly as we went out to sea. The mountains 

 and hills around our harbor and perhaps for a distance 

 of ten miles northward, some of them 800 and 1,000 feet 

 high, were spotted with snow, the remnants of the past 

 storm. As we approached within twenty miles of 

 Hopedale, the outer islands at the mouth of Kippokok 

 Bay were seen to be more or less hummocky, some of 

 them high and rounded, evidently composed of the lab- 

 radoritic syenite, while the mainland at the head of the 

 bays was of Laurentian gneiss. Still as we advance 



