LABRADOR MOUNTAINS AND RIVERS. 22^ 



covered by glaciers, the ragged forms of the higher 

 mountains show no such signs." 



All the lower mountains have rounded, often smoothly 

 polished, summits, and are covered with numberless frag- 

 ments of other stones, differing greatly in size, and not 

 arranged into moraines, but scattered over mountains 

 and valleys, and often lying in the strangest positions. 

 The summits of the highest mountains, on the contrary, 

 are split by the frost into sharp, rugged, enormous 

 teeth. 



Koch then describes a typical valley near Nain, one near 

 the Kauk (the Cliff), into which flows the Kaubkonga 

 (Kauk River). Passing out from the mouth of the 

 winding valley, the stream, often broken into rapids, 

 ends in a water-fall about forty feet high, which plunges 

 into a lake, the Ekkalulik (viz., the place where there 

 are trout), into which two streams open, the Kaubkonga 

 and the Jordan. The two rivers flow by rapids out 

 of different lakes, the Jordan out of the Tessialuk 

 (Breeches Lake of the missionaries), the Kaubkonga 

 out of the Tachardlek (Star Lake). Beyond these are 

 four other lakes, connected by short streams broken 

 into rapids and cataracts, and which lead up to the 

 Kairtoksoaks, where the streams take their origin. 

 The Kaubkonga is a relatively strong stream, but is 

 a type of all the Labrador rivers, being a chain of lakes 

 connected by rapids or cataracts. " All the streams, so 

 far as I have observed, at least those which flow into 

 the Atlantic Ocean, have this peculiarity : evidently the 

 corroding action of the water during the short summer 

 has not not been sufficient during the short time which 



