MIGRATIONS OF THE ESKIMO. 247 



Bay in 1 765, of their repeated crossing over to Newfound- 

 land, and of their learning a few French words from the 

 French settlers. 



At all events the facts we here present should induce 

 our New England and Canadian archaeologists to make 

 the most careful examination of the shell-heaps about 

 the mouth of the St. Lawrence and on the shores of 

 northern and southern Nova Scotia, as well as of 

 Maine and northern Massachusetts, for traces of early- 

 Eskimo occupation. 



Certain facts seem to confirm the early belief of the 

 Greenland Danes and Moravians that the Labrador Es- 

 kimos were an older people than those who migrated into 

 Greenland. In the extracts from the appendix to 

 Cranch's History of Greenland given farther on, we shall 

 see that the Eskimos of these two regions differed in their 

 dress and kayaks, differences we have personally noticed. 



Whether the Labrador Eskimos belong to an older 

 stock than those living directly north of Hudson's Bay 

 we cannot say. Crantz, however, remarks: "As early 

 then as the year 1800 our missionaries learned from the 

 reports of Northlanders who visited their settlements 

 that the main seat of the nation was on the coast and 

 islands of the north, beyond Cape Chudleigh." Crantz, 

 in a note (xvi), also claims : " There can be no hesita- 

 tion in affirming that Greenland was peopled from Lab- 

 rador, not Labrador from Greenland." 



The theory that the Eskimos entered America by way 

 of Behring Strait, now generally received,* was thus stated 

 by Crantz in 1767 : " Our Greenlanders, it should seem, 

 having settled in Tartary after the grand dispersion of 



* Mr. Dall and others do not, however, accept this view. 



