CALIFORNIA CITRUS CULTURE. 33 
fertilizer underneath the spread of the branches or as close to them as 
possible has called for a low, squat drill with seeding box extending 
out at either end beyond the wheels. This is well exemplified in some 
of the later models of orchard drills now on the market. 
Efforts to put on the market a satisfactory combined seeder and 
fertilizer drill that will handle all kinds of both materials in the proper 
quantities per acre have not as yet been altogether a success. Such a 
drill is greatly needed for the smaller orchardist. Fle who has but a 
few acres may more profitably hire his seeding done, or rent a drill, or 
perhaps own a small interest with others in a community drill, because 
the tool is used so very seldom during the year. The same applies to 
the fertilizing. 
Spraying Outfit. In most localities the spraying of citrus trees at 
one or another season of the year is a commercial necessity: Small 
orchardists usually find it cheaper to buy and mix their own materials 
and hire the owner of a machine to come and do the spraying. In the 
larger grove the power spray outfit, with gas engine, force pump and 
200-gallon to 250-gallon tank with agitator, is now a part of the regular 
equipment. Very satisfactory work is being done with the barrel spray 
pump in some small orchards. This requires one man to operate the 
hand pump while another handles the nozzle. 
Miscellaneous Tools. Other tools might be mentioned, such as the 
one-horse cultivator and one-horse marker often used in young orchards, 
the ‘‘eyclone’’ and ‘‘straight knife’’ for cutting weeds, the spring-tooth 
harrow, the reversible disk and share plows for hillside and special 
needs, the brush cutter for chopping up the prunings to be thrown into 
the orchard for mulch, the manure spreader, tank wagon, fumigation 
cart, scrapers and drag-floats for leveling and grading the land, long 
handled and hand pruning shears, curved saw, grafting wax or, if pre- 
ferred, thin putty, clippers with curved points, King’s soil tester, 
ladders and other picking equipment, pruning tools, and the many 
smaller hand tools. But these are either such common ordinary..tools_ 
that each man is in a position to enumerate his own needs and select 
the best obtainable in his community, or they are tools that may be 
dispensed with altogether except under such conditions as confront the 
larger orchardist or the orchardist whose needs are exceptional. 
Single-trees and Double-trees. At all times and in all places in the 
orchard the shortest possible double-trees and single-trees should be 
used, as at best they are a great menace to smooth and low-hanging 
branches. Leather protections, or guards, over -the clips are.wise.. 
precautions. 
5—cc 
