46 CALIFORNIA CITRUS CULTURE. 
which ig serious. Removing the earth from the main roots, cutting out 
the diseased portion and disinfecting will usually effeet a cure. My. 
R. P. Cundiff, of Riverside, California, claims to have used large 
quantities of gypsum, 50 per cent pure, working it into the earth about 
the trees with apparently excellent results. 
Splitting. 
Ilere again the name tells the story. Oranges alone are attacked— 
the oranges split. It is probably caused by spasms of growth caused 
by irregularities in culture, irrigation or seasons. Navels, especially, 
suffer. As we should expect, it is much more common some years than 
others. We can do something, I think, by regularity and punctuality 
in our care. Of course we can not control the seasons. 
Puffing. 
This is described by the name. The rind of the orange bulges out in 
sections, is often very rough, and is easily injured in handling. I have 
seen it very pronounced in case of trees pushed to extremes, by excessive 
fertilization. The orange loses its flavor and is likely to become worth- 
less. Soil and season seem to influence in this affection, and, as we 
should expect, it is more serious some years than others. Improper 
irrigation may be provocative of this disease. 
Peteca. 
In this disease, which is usually seen only in the packing-house on 
lemons, there is a pitting of the surface of the fruit. It is injurious 
only in marring the appearance of the lemon. The cause is obscure. 
Brown Spot. 
This is a serious affection, more frequent in the navel orange, which 
marks the rind of the finest fruit, and appears only after the fruit is 
picked for some days. Often there is no discoloration until the fruit 
is shipped. It is early picked fruit that shows the spot. The cause of 
this spotting is not certainly discovered. It would seem that some 
injury to the epidermis of the fruit may be the seat of the troubie. 
Brown spot is much less common near the coast. I first had samples 
from San Fernando, then San Dimas, then Redlands, where that first 
season it injured fifty per cent of the early picked fruit. 
Fungi, Molds, Etc. 
Our citrus trees often suffer severely from the attacks of fungi. 
These very simple organisms are among the lowest of plants. They 
develop no chlorophyll, do not take oxygen, but denend nan athan 
