FIG 
the case of fallen fruit the larvae make their way back to 
the trees and crawl up the trunk. In either case when 
the trunk is reached they spin cocoons among loose bark, 
moss or lichens, and there remain dormant until the fol- 
lowing spring, when they turn to the pupa and shortly 
afterwards give rise to the next generation of Moths. In 
a few instances two broods have been noticed to occur in 
one year. The attacks of this Insect cause the fruit to 
fall prematurely or decay rapidy when stored. As a 
remedial measure all loose bark, moss, etc., should be 
scraped off the trunks, and artificial shelters in the form 
of one or more bands of loose straw or old sacking should 
be tied round the trees, not very far from the ground. It 
is safest to do this in June,,and the bands can be examined 
at leisure during the winter and burnt. By this means 
large numbers of the cocoons containing the larve are 
often destroyed. Fallen apples should be cleared away 
as soon as possible. Lofts and rooms utilised for storage 
should be well swept out, and the walls, floors, shelves, 
and window frames lime-washed. In severe attacks spray- 
ing the fruit-bearing portions of the trees with arsenate 
of lead is advisable, and should be carried out a few davs 
after the petals have fallen. The larve have to eat the 
coating of this mixture in order to make their way into the 
calyx, and are poisoned thereby,if the application has been 
successful. 
The order Hymenoptera is characterised by the presence 
of (1) two pairs of transparent wings provided with rela- 
tively few veins, (2) biting and sucking mouth organs, and 
£3) complete metamorphosis. The Sawflies are the only 
group that directly concerns us, and they may be easily 
separated from other Hymenoptera by the absence of a 
“waist,” or constriction of the body. The Gooseberry 
Sawfly (Nematus ribesiz) (4), (10), is very destructive to 
red currants and gooseberries, but seldom harms black 
currants. The perfect Insects appear in April and May; 
they have yellow bodies marked with black, and measure 
about #in. in wing expanse. The eggs are laid in neat 
rows along the veins on the undersides of the leaves of. 
the host plant. They hatch into bluish-green caterpillars 
spotted with black, and also marked laterally with blue 
and yellow. Unlike Moth caterpillars they possess ten 
pairs of feet, and when fully grown measure about ?in. 
long. The bushes may be very quickly stripped of their 
