III 
foliage by these larva, and the fruit are not exempt from 
attack. About the beginning of June, they enter the soil 
beneath or near the bushes in order to spin their brown 
papery cocoons within which the pupal stage is passed. 
From ten to twenty-one days, according to the tempera- 
ture, are passed berteath the ground until the flies emerge, 
and there are three broods during the year. The autumn 
larvee pass the winter in their cocoons, turning to pupe 
early the following spring. Leaves bearing the eggs of 
this Insect should be destroyed whenever met with, while 
hand picking is an effective means of getting rid of the 
larve if done thoroughly. In the autumn wholesale 
removal of the surface soil beneath and around the bushes 
to a depth of five inches is valuable. It needs to be buried 
in a deep hole dug for the purpose. By this means the 
winged Insects are buried beneath the earth and perish on 
emergence from the pupe. Fresh soil and manure should 
be placed round the bushes. Spraying with arsenate of 
lead is an effective poison for the larve, and can be applied 
any time they are abundant after the fruit has been 
gathered. 
The Thysanoptera form a very small order of Insects, 
comprising only those minute forms which are known as 
“Thrips.” They are provided with four strap-like wings 
with long “ fringes” all round, and are entirely suctorial 
in their feeding habits. The Pea Thrips (Kakothrips 
vobustus) (11) is a dark brown Insect, about z,in. long, 
attacking edible peas and broad beans, often causing much 
damage. The adults occur from May until August, and 
the eggs are laid within the flowers on the stamen sheath 
or on the young developing pods. The larve resemble 
the adults with the exception of having no wings; when 
fully fed they descend to the ground, penetrating to a 
depth of 3-12in. They remain in the soil until spring, 
when the adults emerge from the pupe, there being thus 
only one brood in the year. Both the larve and the adults 
are injurious, and in bad attacks no pods are formed or 
are curled and undersized. The terminal buds and shoots 
may also be infested, and damage is stated to be most 
severe in light soil. This Insect sometimes spoils a whole 
crop, and no varieties appear to be immune, but it has not 
so far been found on sweet peas or scarlet runner beans, 
though they are mentioned as host plants in France. Con- 
trol is difficult to achieve, but early sown plants are less 
