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ovipositor. The Flies or Midges first appear during April 
just about the time when the pear blossoms commence to 
show their petals, and are to be found up to about the 
middle of May. The eggs are laid within the blossoms, 
and when the latter are unopened the petals are stated to 
be pierced by the ovipositor and the eggs deposited on the 
anthers. In opened flowers the pistil is pierced and the 
eggs inserted therein. The larva are very minute white 
or pale yellow maggots and only attain a length of about 
+in. when fully grown. They feed within the develop- 
ing fruitlets eating out their centres and leaving behind 
them a mass of decomposing tissues. As many as ten, 
twenty, or even thirty of these maggots may be found 
within a single fruitlet. The attacked fruits usually swell 
more rapidly than sound ones, and can be readily recog- 
nised on the tree by being often twice the size of the latter 
and more or less distorted. _ When mature the maggots 
leave the fruitlets either before or after the latter have 
fallen. In either case they crawl out from their shelter 
and exhibit curious jumping movements until they bury 
themselves in the ground beneath the trees. Here they 
spin delicate cocoons of a dirty creamish colour, and 
hibernate therein throughout the rest of the year until the 
following spring. Unfortunately there is no universal 
measure for dealing with this Insect. All infested fruit- 
lets should be collected and destroyed before the larve 
leave them. In very bad infestations it is better to gather 
and destroy the whole crop. [If an orchard be well stocked 
with poultry in the spring when the Flies appear and also 
in June when the maggots reach the earth, material benefit 
is very often attained. Removal of the surface soil con- 
taining the pupze is scarcely a practicable measure. In 
America the application of Kainit is recommended. If 
well spread at the rate of half a ton to the acre around the 
trees it is stated to destroy the larve and pup in the soil. 
When the larve are leaving the fruitlets 5 cwt. to the acre 
is said to be sufficient to destroy them. In this country 
Kainit has been very little used, and reports as to its value 
are conflicting, nevertheless, it fully merits a fair trial. 
The Celery Fly (Acidia heraclet) (17) is a pretty 
brownish Insect with mottled ornamental wings. It 
may appear at the end of April but is commonest in 
June and there are several broods in the year. The eggs 
are laid on the leaves of celery and also parsnips. The 
