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soil 2 feet away from the trunk are sufficient. The fluid 
must not reach any of the larger roots and, moreover, it 
is very poisonous and highly inflammable. If summer 
spraying is not sufficient, a winter wash, as detailed in 
Leaflet 34 of the Board of Agriculture, is advisable. 
Banding the tree trunks in early spring is said to give 
encouraging results, and séveral cases have been reported 
of large numbers of £ peace migrating from the roots, 
being trapped on these bands as they were ascending the 
trunks. “Tree tanglefoot” is best for this purpose. 
As regards preventive and remedial measures (4, 15) 
against Aphides there are three seasons of application. 
(a) In autumn to kill off the egg-laying females. The 
leaves are then of much less value, and it matters very 
little if they are injured. Thorough spraying with a 
mixture of 1 pint paraffin and 14lbs. soft soap added 
to 10 galls. of soft water, which should be made up in 
the manner suggested in the previous lecture for dealing 
with the Onion Fly. In the case of Currant Aphides 
heavy pruning is valuable, as the eggs are present in 
large numbers on the shoots. All prunings should be 
taken away and burnt. (b) Winter measures: these con- 
sist of using sprays, which have the effect of sealing up 
the eggs with a coating through which the young Insect 
is unable to make its way. A good mixture recommended 
by Theobald consists of 1 cwt. of fresh lime, which 
should be gradually slaked, and mixed with 100 galls. 
of water in which 3o0lbs. of salt have been dissolved. The 
addition of 5lbs. of water glass is stated to be an advan- 
tage, though not essential. Failure in obtaining satis- 
factory results are usually to be traced to want of care 
in starting with freshly-burnt lime, or in slaking this. It 
is best used as a late winter wash, as its effects wear off 
owing to weather action if it remains on the trees all 
through the winter. This wash is useful in sealing up 
the eggs of the Apple and Plum Aphides, and may also 
be used for the same purpose against the Currant Aphides 
if pruning has not been He ‘(c) Spring spraying, which 
should be done as early as possible. A useful mixture 
for most Aphides is made up by boiling for 2 hours rlb. 
of quassia chips (which must be quite fresh) in just 
sufficient water to keep liquid. This solution should be 
strained, and then well mixed with 10 galls. of warm 
water, in which 1]b. of soft soap has been previously dis- 
