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solved. Washes containing parafiin are liable. to injure 
the delicate spring foliage, and if adopted should be 
used in weak strength. When the leaves commence to 
curl it is waste of most insecticides to use them; nicotine 
and soft soap compounds are the only ones which offer 
any prospect of partial success. Summer spraying is not 
to be recommended except in the case of the Woolv Aphis. 
Another family of Hemiptera, viz. the Psyllidae, or 
“Jumpers,” includes the well-known Apple Sucker 
(Psylla mali) (4), which is a not distant relation of the 
Froghoppers, or “Cuckoo Spit” Insects. The adult Apple 
Suckers are small, greenish-yellow, four-winged Insects 
about 4in. long. They are to be found flying and leaping 
about apple leaves from May until the autumn. They lay 
their eggs from late September until early in November, 
usually on the bark of one-year shoots below buds or 
around leaf scars. The eggs are orange, darkening to 
orange-red, and hatch in April. The young larve are 
very minute, fiattened, dirty-yellow Insects with red 
eyes, and they secrete a waxy substance from the hind end 
of the body. As soon as the buds open they congregate 
within, while the older larvz and nymphs are to be found 
on the undersides of the leaves. Damage is caused by 
the larvae and nymphs piercing the young leaves, which 
become brown as if frost-bitten, and wither. In this way 
floral and leaf buds are destroyed wholesale. The 
adults cause a relatively small amount of injury. Un- 
doubtedly the most vulnerable period in the life-history 
of the Insect is when the young larvz emerge from the 
egg; for various reasons, however, spraying at this time 
presents difficulties. Owing to the waxy substance which 
the larvze exude, sprays should contain a wax ‘solvent 
which, however, is liable to damage the developing 
leaves. Furthermore, the larve very soon enter the buds, 
and then spraying is of little value. The larvae emerge 
from the eggs during several weeks, and the time appears 
to vary in different kinds of apple; for this reason 
several sprayings are necessary. The best period for 
dealing with this species is apparently February and 
March, 2-3 weeks before the buds open. A wash of 
lime and salt recommended by Theobald appears to be 
an effective measure. It should be used on dry days, and 
is made by taking 1-14 cwts. of best quality lime, slaking 
it gradually, and mixing it with tco galls. of water in 
