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which 30-40lbs. of salt have been dissolved. The mixture 
should then be strained through sacking or other material 
before being used. Lime washes are useful in other 
ways and beneficial to the trees. This mixture coats the 
eggs and prevents them from hatching, and also seals 
up the buds protecting them from any larve that may be 
hatched. In the autumn, spraying with paraffin is also 
valuable—it should be done as soon as the fruit have 
been gathered. so as to kill the females before the eggs 
have been laid. Paraffin 4pts, soft soap i4lbs, and 
water Io galls., forms a suitable mixture, but a stronger 
proportion of paraffin can be used at this time of the year 
if desirable. Heavy spraying is necessary, not only on 
the leaves but also on the clouds of Apple Suckers which 
are disturbed and take to the wing. 
“The family of the Coccida, or Scale Insects (4), in- 
clude some highly injurious members. The females are 
degenerate, and spend their life hidden beneath a scale- 
like covering formed by the cast skins of the larvez, cuti- 
cular secretions, and other means. The males live under 
smaller but similar scales, and when mature issue as 
minute winged Insects. The Mussel Scale (Lepidosaphes 
ulmi = Mytilaspis pomorum) is the commonest and best 
known species, and is an abundant pest of apple trees. 
During the spring and summer it sucks the sap, and 
passes the winter in the eggs which are hidden beneath 
the parent female’s scaley covering which still remains. 
One or other of the Woburn washes (4,15) have given 
good results in destroying the eggs of this Insect. They 
can be used any time during the winter, and the 10b 
formula given by Pickering and Theobald (15) is as good 
as any. The Brown Scale (Lecanium persice) often 
attacks currants and gooseberry, and the Woolly Currant 
Scale’ (Pulvinaria vitis) both currants and vines. For 
use against these two Scale Insects the wash 1ob referred 
to above, is generally recommended and should be well 
sprayed over the bushes during January. With regard 
to Scale Insects on vines different treatment 1s necessary, 
and the same applies to Mealy Bug and to the Green- 
house White Fly. The latter belongs to an allied family 
of the Hemiptera, viz. the Aleurodidz, and is a minute 
moth-like white Insect with four wings. Its larve are 
green and resemble young Scale Insects, and are destruc- 
tive to tomatoes and other greenhouse plants. For 
