172 HYMENOPTERA. 



with short mandibles and pointed maxillae and labium. Some 

 Aculeate Hymenoptera place in the larval cell, when the egg 

 is laid, a half-paralysed insect, upon which the grub feeds when 

 hatched. Many spin a silken cocoon, in which they pupate. 

 Some undergo a curious stage which precedes the pupa, called 

 the pseuilojnijia. The pupse are usually pale and soft, with the 

 legs of the future insect, &c., detached from the body (tig. 85). 

 The Hymenoptera are divided into two sub-orders — 

 (i) Hymen. Peiioliventres. Including the Aculeata and 

 Ichneumons. Abdomen connected to thorax by 

 slender joint, 

 (ii) Hymen. Sexsiliventres. Sawflies and Wood "Wasps. 

 Abdomen broad at the base. 



Ants, Wasps, and Bees (Hymenoptera Petioliventres). 



The Petiolate Hymenoptera include the Fuiiaiiddie or Ants, 

 FosAoria or Digging-wasps, Ve!<[iiihi/ or true Wasps, and the 

 Apiihi^ or Bees, and Ichneumon and other parasitic Hymen- 

 optera. The Ants, Wasps, and Bees live in colonies, the 

 Fossoi-ia are solitary. 



They are divided into three series — Aculeata, Para-iUica, and 

 TuhuUfera . the first have a sting, and the second an ovipositor, 

 the third have only three, four, or five visible abdominal 

 segments. 



The Aculeate Hymenoptera are classified as follows : Hetero- 

 gijna or Ants, with the petiole of the abdomen having one or 

 more scales, sexes consisting of ^, 5, ^. Fo^.-'oref, with 

 simple petiole, $ and 5 only. Wings not folded longitudin- 

 ally. Dipjojitera or Wasps and Sand-wasps, with the wings 

 folded longitudinally. Anthophihi, hairs of body more or less 

 plumose or branched. 



