188 HYMICNOPTERA (SAWFLIES). 



by noticing the leaves here and there being riddled with small 

 round shot-holes, in each of which is a young sawfly larva. As 

 they grow they disperse over the bush, reaching maturity in 

 from four to five weeks. When full grown they are three- 

 quarters of an inch long. They then leave the bushes and 

 burrow an inch or two under the soil beneath, where they 

 pupate ; some even pupate on the shoots. Very often these 

 pupae hatch out from two to three weeks later, giving rise to 

 a second brood : this second brood often attacks the fruit as 

 well as the leaves. A third brood also may occur. When 

 mature, like the first generation, they bury themselves in the 

 ground, and remain there all the winter. 



Prevention and Remedies. — The removal of the soil to the 

 depth of a couple of inches in v/inter and burning it, replacing 

 in spring, will have the desired effect of checking their increase 

 where it can be done, as in gardens. 



Where gardens are subject to this attack, much loss of time 

 and money would be saved by a thorough examination, by boys, 

 of the bushes in the late spring, so as to collect and destroy 

 the young larvae before they have spread over the whole bush. 

 White hellebore is the most certain insecticide to use, mixed 

 as recorded hereafter ; but the best remedy is spraying with 

 tobacco wash or arsenate of lead. Even soft-soap and quassia 

 kill them. 



The Pear ami Oherry Bawfij [Eriocampa limaciua). 



Considerable annoyance is often caused by the larvae of this 

 species upon Cherry and Pear. The larvai (fig. 91) are called 

 Slug- worms and i^negs, on account of their slimy slug- like 

 appearance. They feed on the upper surface of the leaves, 

 eating only the upper epidermis, and leaving the lower intact 

 (fig. 93). When very numerous the lca\es turn brown, die, 

 and fall off in the summer, and a fresh lot of foliage takes its 

 place, thus weakening the trees. The adult Sawfly (fig. 92) is 



