210 



LEPIDOPTEKA (MOTHS). 



where it matures, causing so-called " maggotty " apples and 

 "early windfalls." They first burrow to the centre and then 

 to the outside, where they form a large hole through which 

 the "frass" is passed out. The maggot devours the core. 

 When mature, the larva is a little more than half an inch 



long, pale pinkish white 

 with scattered hairs over 

 it, and the usual number 

 of legs. On reaching the 

 full-grown stage the mag- 

 got leaves the apple : if 

 the fruit remains still on 

 the tree it lowers itself 

 down by a thread of silk 

 to the ground, or crawls 

 down ; often the apple has 

 fallen by the time the larva 

 is full fed. The majority 

 reascend the tree and spin 

 cocoons of dirty- white silk 

 beneath the bark, in which 

 they turn to chestnut-brown 

 pupse. Some larvte remain 

 as such in the cocoon until 

 the spring, others pupate in the autumn. In America there 

 may be three or more broods, but in Britain it is usually 

 single brooded. All kinds of apples are attacked, no variety 

 being immune as far as is known. This pest is found all 

 over the world. It has been distributed in fruit. In many 

 cases it is accountable for the loss of quite half of the crop, 

 especially in badly kept orchards. Pears are also attacked. 



Prevenfiim and Remeilies. — This pest is one of the easiest to 

 prevent and destroy if taken in time. It is surprising how 

 many larvse can be trapped by tying a band of cloth round the 

 tree trunks close to the ground : the ascending caterpillars here 



Fin. 10"^. — Codling Moth (Cfirpoeafwa 

 pomomlla). 



1 , Larva ; 2, pupa ; 3, imago ; 4, diseased fruit. 



