284 NEUEOPTEKA. 



Dragon-flies, ^May-flies, Laoe-wings, Scorpion-flies, Ant-lions, 

 Stone-flies, Termites, iVx. The Bird-lice, Mallopharja, wingless 

 parasites, also belong to this order. 



The Xeuroptera are grouped in five divisions and eleven 

 families, as follows : — 



1. Trichoptera. — No mandibles in adults. The wings de- 

 velop internally, becoming evident when the pupal form is 

 attained. Larvse and pupae aquatic. Family PlirijuaneidiK 

 (I'addis-flies). 



2. Neuroptera planipenna. — Adults always mandibulate. 

 Some are aquatic, others terrestrial during the early stages. 

 Development as in Trichoptera. Families PanorphJd; (Scorpion- 

 iiies), SiaUdd' (Snake- and Alder-flies), Heinerohiichv (Lace- 

 wings and Ant-lions). 



3. Neuroptera ampMbiotica. — "Wings develop prominently 

 outside the body. Aquatic larvae and pupae.. Families Odonata 

 (Dragon-flies), Perlidic (Stone-flies), and Ejiliemen'da^ (^laj-- 

 flies). 



4. Pseudo-neuroptera. — Wings develop as above. Xo defi- 

 nite pupa. Entirely terrestrial. Families Ti'nnitida; (White 

 Ants), PKiKJdd' (Book-lice), and EmJiiidif. 



5. Mallophaga. — ^Mngless and parasitic. 



Bird-lice (Maij.opiiag.\). 



Birds are subject to a number of lice : these lice are called 

 Mallophaga, and are included in the order Xeuroptera. They 

 are all apterous, and provided with a biting mouth, taking their 

 nourishment from the epidermal products of the skin. The 

 ova are laid on the host ; the larvae are like the adult, only 

 paler in colour — in fact, metamorphosis is very slight, the 

 young gradually getting darker in colour as they grow older. 

 There is one genus {Tncliode<ie») (fig. 164) found on mammals, 

 such as the Horse, Ox, and Sheep Louse, itc, and some- 

 times these cause severe pruritus. This genus, as seen in 



