YAlilETIBS OF PLACENTJB. 455 



with them the uterine mucous memhrane comes away with the 

 placenta. "We thus get two forms of jjlacenta, the non-ileriduali; 

 and the deciduate. The non-deciduate placenta comes away 

 from the uterine mucous membrane separately, whilst in the 

 deciduate form both are so closely interlocked that they come 

 away as the " afterbirth " together. 



Vdrietien of Plwcntif. 



AVe can distinguish five kinds of placentae. — viz., the dis- 

 ooidal, the meta-discoidal, the zonary, the cotyledonary, and 

 the diffuse placenta. The discoidal is found in the Eodents, 

 Bats, and Insectivora ; the nieta-discoidal in Man and Apes ; 

 the zonary in Carnivora, Elephants, and the Hyrax ; the cotyle- 

 donary in the Euminants ; the diffuse in the Horse, Pig, &c. 



1. The discoidal placenta. — The anmion is small and sur- 

 rounds the embryo. The yolk-sac is attached to the embryo by 

 a very long stalk, and is closely applied to the greater part 

 of the sub-zonal membrane, forming the false cliorion. The 

 allantois forms a moderate-sized sac, which below is applied to 

 the sub-zonal membrane, and there forms the true chorion or 

 ■placenta. From this placental area pass vascular villi into 

 the uterine pits. This discoidal placenta is deciduate. A great 

 space exists between the embryo and the false chorion, whicli 

 is filled with fluid. 



2. The meta-discoidal pilacmita (fig. 237). — Here a complete 

 chorion is formed, the allantois entirely surrounding the inner 

 wall of the sub-zonal membrane. The embryo is encircled by 

 the amnion, which swells out almost to the placenta, only being 

 separate from it by a gelatinous layer. The yolk-sac is 

 very small. As the blastodermic vesicle grows it becomes 

 related to three parts of the uterus. These three parts are 

 thrown out at birth and are called decidim. One part of the 

 uterus is reflected over the vesicle = the decidua reflexa (/) / 

 that part of the uterus around which the reflexa is attached is 



