152 FERRUGINOUS THRUSH. 
the high dead branches, amid the gloom of the woods, calling out in 
a feeble, plaintive tone, peto way, peto wy, -pee way; occasionally 
darting after insects; sometimes making a circular sweep of thirty or 
forty yards, snapping up numbers in its way with great adroitness; and 
returning to its position and chant as before. In the latter part of 
August, its notes are almost the only ones to be heard in the woods; 
about which time, also, it even approaches the city, where I have 
frequently observed it busily engaged under trees, in solitary courts, 
gardens, &c., feeding and training its young to their profession. About 
the middle of September, it retires to, the south, a full month before 
the other. 
Length, six inches; breadth, ten; back, dusky olive, inclining to 
greenish; head, subcrested, and brownish black; tail, forked, and 
widening towards the tips; lower parts, pale yellowish white. The 
only discriminating marks between this and the preceding are, the 
size and the color of the lower mandible, which in this is yellow, 
in the Pewée black. The female is difficult to be distinguished from 
the male. ; 
This species is far more numerous than the preceding, and, probably, 
winters much farther south. The Pewée was numerous in North and 
South Carolina in February; but the Wood Pewée had not made its 
appearance in the lower parts of Georgia, even so late as the 16th of 
March, 
——_—. 
FERRUGINOUS THRUSH.*—TURDUS RUFUS. — Fig. 58. 
Fox-colored Thrush, Catesb. i. 28. — Turdus rufus, Linn. Syst. 293. — Lath. iii. 39. 
—La Grive de la Caroline, Briss. ii. 223.— Le Moquer Frangois, De Buff. iii. 
323, Pl. enl. 645. — Arct. Zool. p. 335, No. 195. — Peale’s Museum, No. 5285. 
ORPHZEUS RUFUS, — Swarnson. 
Turdus rufus, Bonap. Synop. ‘ 75. — Orpheus rufus, Fox-colored Mock Bird, 
: orth. Zool. ii. p. 190. 
Tuis is the Brown Thrush, or Thrasher, of the Middle and astern 
States, and the French Mocking Bird of Maryland, Virginia, and the 
* This species, with O. polyglottos, is the typical form of Mr. Swainson’s genus 
Orpheus, differing from Turdus in its longer form, chiefly apparent from the 
greater length of its tail, its rounded and shorter wings, its long and bending, and 
in proportion more slender bill. The form is confined to the New World, and will 
be represented in Africa by Crateropus and Donocobius. Swain. ; and in Asia and 
Australia by Pomatorhinus, Horsf. They appear to live nearer the ground than 
the true Thrushes, frequenting the lower brushwood; and it is only during the 
spring and breeding season that they mount aloft, to serenade their mates. The 
cries or notes are generally loud ; some possess considerable melody, which, how- 
ever, is only exercised as above mentioned ; but many of the aberrant species pos- 
sess only harsh and grating notes, incessantly kept up; in which respect they 
resemble the more typical African form and many of the aquatic Warblers. 
In the account piven by our author of the manners of O. rufus, we perceive a 
very close resemblance to our Common Blackbi d.’ The Blackbird is seldom seen 
ae 
