ie TREE SPARROW. 175 
smal] streak of brown at the lower angle of the bill; back, streaked 
with black, drab, and bright bay, the latter being generally centred 
with the former; rump, dark drab, or cinereous; wings, dusky black, 
the primaries edged with whitish, the secondaries bordered with bright 
bay; greater wing-coverts, black, edged and broadly tipped with 
brownish white; tail, dusky black, edged with clay color: male: and 
female nearly alike in plumage; the chestnut on the crown of the 
male rather brighter. 
——+_—__—— 
TREE SPARROW.—FRINGILLA ARBOREA.— Fic. 73. 
Le Soulciet, Buff. iii. 500. — Moineau de-Canada, Briss. iii. 101. Pl. enl. 223.— 
Lath. ii. 252. — Edw. 269.— Arct. Zool. p. 373, No. 246.— Peale’s Museum, 
No. 6575. 
EMBERIZA CANADENSIS. —Swatnson. 
Fringilla Canadensis, Bonap. Synop. p. ey Emberiza Canadensis, North. Zool. 
. il. p. . 
Tus Sparrow is a native of the north, who takes up his winter 
quarters in Pennsylvania, and most of the Northern States, as well as 
several of the Southern ones. He arrives. here about the beginning 
of November, and leaves us again early in April ; associates in flocks 
with the Snow Birds; frequents sheltered hollows,’ thickets, and 
hedge-rows, near springs of water; and has a low, warbling note, 
scarcely audible at the distance of twenty or thirty yards. If dis- 
turbed, he takes to trees, like the White-throated Sparrow, but contrary 
to the habit of most of the others, who are inclined rather to dive into 
thickets. Mr. Edwards has erroneously represented this as the female 
of the Mountain Sparrow; but that judicious and excellent naturalist, 
Mr. Pennant, has given a more correct account of it, and informs us 
that it inhabits the country bordering.on Hudson’s Bay during sum- 
mer; comes to Severn settlement in May ; advances farther north to 
breed; and returns in autumn on its way southward. It also visits 
Newfoundland.* _ 
By some of. our own naturalists, this species has been confounded 
with the Chipping Sparrow, (Fig. 75,) which it very much resembles, 
but is larger and handsomer, and is never found with us in summer. 
The former departs for the south about the same time that the latter 
arrives from the north ; and, from this circumstance, and their general 
resemblance, has arisen the mistake. ; ‘ 
The Tree Sparrow is six inches and a half long, and niné and a 
half in extent; the whole upper part of the head is of a bright reddish 
chestnut, sometimes slightly skirted with gray ; from the nostrils, over 
_ the eye, passes a white strip, fading into pale ash, as it extends back; 
sides of the neck, chin, and breast, very pale ash; the centre of the 
breast marked with an obscure spot of dark brown; from the lower 
* Arctic Zoology, vol. ii. p. 373. ‘ 
