596 LONG-TAILED DUCK. 
LONG-TAILED DUCK.—ANAS GLACIALIS. — Fie. 286. — 
Mate. 
Le Canard a longue queue de Terre Neuve, Briss. vi. p. 382, aera ix. p. 
202. Pl. enl. 1008. — Edw. pl. 280. — Arct. Zool. No. 501.— Lath. Syn, iii. 
p. 528.— Peale’s Museum, No. 2810. 
HARELDA GLACIALIS, —Leacu.* 
Anas glacialis,and Anas hyemalis, Linn. Syst. i. ie 202, and 203.— Lath. Ind. ii. 
p. 864. — Fuligula wacielis, Bonap. Synop. p. 395.— Long-tailed Duck, Mont. 
Ornith. Dict. 1. and Supp. — Bew. Br. Birds, ii.363.— ee Hareld, Se/- 
by’s lust. Br. Ornith. pl. 61, m. and f.— Harelda glacialis, North. Zool. ii. p. 460. 
Tus Duck is very generally known along the shores of the Chesa- 
peake Bay, by the name of South-Southerly, from the singularity of 
its cry, something imitative of the sound of those words, and also, that, 
when very clamorous, they are supposed to betoken a southerly wind ; 
on the coast of New Jersey, they are usually called Old Wives. They 
are chiefly salt-water Ducks, and seldom ramble far from the -sea, 
They inhabit our bays and coasts during the winter only ; are rarely 
found in the marshes, but keep in the channel, diving for small shell 
fish, which are their principal food. In passing to and from the bays, 
sometimes in vast flocks, particularly towards evening, their loud and 
confused noise may be heard, in calm weather, at the distance of 
several miles. They fly very swiftly, take short excursions, and are 
lively, restless birds. Their native regions are in the north, where 
great numbers of them remain during the whole year ; part only of the 
vast family migrating south, to avoid the severest rigors of that climate. 
They are common to the whole northern hemisphere. In the Orkneys, 
they are met with in considerable flocks, from October to April; fre- 
quent in Sweden, Lapland, and Russia; are often found about St. Pe- 
tersburg, and also in Kamtschatka. Are said to breed at Hudson’s. 
Bay, making their nest among the grass near the sea, like the Eider 
Duck, and about the middle of June, lay from ten to fourteen bluish 
white eggs, the size of those of a Pullet. When the young are hatched, 
the mother carries them to the water in her bill. The nest is lined 
* This bird forms the type of Dr. Leach’s genus Harelda. It is remarkable for 
the decided change between the plumage of the breeding season and that of the 
winter, bearing analogy, in many particulars, to the Tring and their allies, for the 
prolongation of the scapulary foibers, and for the narrow, lengthened tail. Itis a 
native of both continents, but in Britain is only met with during winter, in the dress 
of that season, or in the plumage, of the first year. It keeps to the open sea, and 
seldom ventures inland to rivers or lakes. The following is a description of a 
specimen killed on the first May, from the Northern Zoology, and which agrees 
nearly with skins in my possession. ‘The whole upper plumage, the central pairs 
of tail-feathers, and the under plumage to the fore part of the belly, brownish black ; 
the lesser quills, paler. A triangular patch of feathers, between the shoulders an 
the seapuwrs, broadly bordered with orange brown.” (In the winter plumage, the 
ae scapilars are pure white, and forma beautiful contrast, hanging over the dark 
quills.) + Sides of head from the bill to the ears, ash gray ; eye stripe, and poste- 
ror under plumage, pure white ; flanks. sides of the rump, and lateral tail-feathers, 
white, stained with brown; axillaries and inner wing-coverts, clove brown; bill, 
black, with an orange belt (bright vermilion) before the nostrils.” — Ep. 
