80 



The scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) has the most 

 finely dissected foliage of any of our oaks. It grows 

 at Peabody, Danvers, Topsfield, Brimble avenue, 

 Beverly and elsewhere in the county . The sign ' 'Dell 

 Avenue," in Harmony Grove Cemetery, is attached to a 

 scarlet oak. 



The black oak (Quercus tinctoria) is intermediate in 

 appearance between the red and scarlet oaks. It is 

 common in our woods, and grows with the other oaks 

 along Brimble avenue, Beverly. The only remaining 

 oak on Oak street, appears to be a large black oak, and 

 there are others at Harmony Grove near the red oaks , 

 and in the grove beyond Clifton avenue. This is the 

 oak whose bark is most largely used in tanning, and 

 the inner bark yields the valuable yellow dye. 



The only specimens I have noticed in this region, of 

 the pin oak, or swamp Spanish oak, as it is sometimes 

 called, (Quercus palustris), a tree very abundant in 

 southern New England and New Jersey, are two trees 

 on the Heard estate in Ipswich. They are just within 

 the grounds on the street which passes at the rear of the 

 estate. This tree has a graceful habit, and should 

 be planted more than it is, for it would be a very 

 desirable addition to lawns and parks. 



The scrub, or bear oak, (Quercus ilicifolia) sometimes 

 attains the size of a tree, although it is generally seen 

 in dense shrubby masses by the roadside . It grows in 

 poor gravelly soil and forms the bulk of the vegetation 

 along the roadsides in parts of Peabody, Lynnfield, 

 Boxford and other towns. This closes the list of the 

 trees of the black oak class found in this neighborhood. 



Why it is that the oaks are not more frequently used 

 as street and ornamental trees, and for lawns and yards, 



