514 
head is somewhat between that of the Blood- 
hound and the Mastiff, with powerful jaws, as 
necessary in a dog required to encounter leopard 
or wolf, or to hold an infuriated yak. The 
occiput is high, and the skull and sides of the 
face are much wrinkled. The eyes are small, 
deeply set, and showing a good deal of the haw. 
On the borders and outskirts of Thibet, the size 
and type of the dog deteriorates ; the marked 
properties disappear, and an ordinary looking 
animal of sheep-dog type is reached. But the 
true type is unmistakably Mastiff. The black 
of the coat is velvety, very different from the 
black of the Newfoundland.” 
At the Kennel Club Show at the Crystal 
Palace in 1906, a very magnificent specimen 
of this breed attracted the attention of all 
visitors. This was Major W. Dougall’s 
Bhotean, unquestionably the most perfect 
Thibet Mastiff ever seen in Great Britain. 
He was in remarkably good coat, and the 
richness of his markings—distributed as 
are those of the Black-and-tan Terrier, 
including the tan spots over the eyes—was 
greatly admired. Very naturally he took 
the first prize as the finest foreign dog in the 
show. A high price was put against him in 
the catalogue, and he was claimed by Sir 
William Ingram. 
The photograph on p. 513, which was 
taken in India, was kindly supplied by 
Major Dougall, who imported him direct 
from Thibet, where he secured him during 
the last Lhasa expedition under General 
Sir Francis Younghusband. Major Dougall 
has also favoured me with the following 
account of Bhotean and his breed :— 
“These wonderfully handsome dogs are now 
yearly becoming more difficult to obtain. The 
old type of Thibetan Mastiff, with his enormous 
cowl of hair round the neck and _ beautiful 
brush, carried curled over the back, is being 
replaced by a hound type of animal, with 
shorter coat, blunt head, and standing on 
longer legs. The markings of the old type and 
breed are, generally speaking, black and bright 
red tan. They have almost all got a white 
star or patch on the chest. Bhotean in his own 
country was considered a particularly fine 
specimen, and there was nothing like him 
amongst the others which I saw, which were 
brought to India on the return of the Thibet 
THE NEW BOOK OF THE DOG. 
Expedition in 1904. He was the long, low type, 
on very short legs, with great bone, and enor- 
mously powerful. His markings were as nearly 
perfect as possible, and although it has been 
stated that he did not show as much haw as 
some specimens, I have never seen one which 
showed as much as he did. His characteristics 
were many and various. He was essentially a 
one man’s dog. I could do anything with him, 
but he had an uncontrollable aversion to all 
strangers (male), but never attempted to attack 
any child or woman. He was, in consequence, 
always led at exercise, and, latterly, never 
allowed loose. At first I thought he had become 
quite domesticated, and allowed him to go 
loose, but with disastrous results. You could 
not cure him of his fault of regarding strangers 
(men) as his personal enemies. He was an 
excellent guard, always awake at night and 
resting during the day. He hada great fondness 
for puppies and cats, and used invariably to 
have either one or other in his box (loose). 
“These dogs can stand any amount of cold, 
but they cannot endure wet and damp. Their 
own country being practically rainless, this is 
perhaps accounted for. The Bhutans, who use 
these dogs, are a copper-coloured race; 
they set the same value on them as the Arab 
does upon his horse. They are used as guards 
and protectors only, and are in no sense a 
sheep dog. When the Bhutans come down to 
the plains to sell their produce the dogs are left 
behind as guards to their women and children. 
Also, during the short summer, they are taken 
to guard the flocks and herds, which travel long 
distances to forage. 
“These dogs have very often a great leather 
collar on with roughly beaten spikes in it, so 
that, in the event of a leopard or panther attack- 
ing them, they are protected from the fatal grip 
which these animals always try for on the throat. 
When the herds are stationary for any time, the 
natives hobble the dogs, by tying their forelegs 
together, crossed. As they have excellent noses, 
and are always on the gut vive, they soon speak 
at the approach of any wild animal or stranger, 
when they are set loose at once. The only food 
(flesh) they get is what they kill themselves. 
The bitches are very hard to get, and in my 
opinion unless you could breed them and train 
them from puppyhood in this country, they are 
not worth the trouble of importing, as you 
cannot alter the dog’s nature, and although 
perhaps for months he shows no sign of the 
devil in him, it is assuredly there, and for no 
