588 LEE 
>. The state of the Bowets and KipNEys 
should never be overlooked in disease. An 
abundance of pale urine proves indirectly 
that no fever is present. 
8. Loss or APPETITE is usually, but not 
always, present in disease; hence the fal- 
lacy of believing that so long as a dog 
takes his food well he is all right. 
g. Turrst alone does not indicate fever; 
any large discharge, from either the in- 
testines or the kidneys, induces it. In 
diuresis, diabetes, and diarrhoea there is 
thirst. 
10. Patn does not, as some people 
imagine, always indicate inflammation. 
There are nervous pains, and pains of 
many different descriptions. 
11. TENDERNESS.—This is an important 
point in our diagnosis, for the pain of in- 
flammation is almost invariably of a tender 
nature; that is, it is increased by pressure, 
and sometimes cannot be felt without 
pressure. . 
-12. Vomitinc.—A dog can vomit at will, 
or by merely eating a little grass or some 
rough leaf, such as that of vegetable mar- 
row. The character of the vomit is often 
characteristic of some organic or functional 
disorder, as the bilious, yellow-looking 
matter dogs bring up of a morning when 
stomach and liver are out of order, or the 
vomit mixed with blood in cases of gas- 
tritis or gastric catarrh. 
13. EXPRESSION OF THE COUNTENANCE.— 
When the animal is in pain and suffering, 
his face is pinched, he looks nervous and 
thin; even if he does not moan, he appears 
by his countenance to think that he is being 
badly treated in some way. In dyspnoea 
there is a look of anxiety mingled with 
that of terror. 
14. EMACIATION is always a bad sign, but 
taken alone it is not diagnostic. It is very 
rapid, however, in many febrile disorders, 
such as distemper, for example. Emacia- 
tion, when coming on slowly, indicates mal- 
nutrition of the body in some way, some 
interference with the blood-making process, 
and great debility. 
15. OBESITY is to all intents a disease. 
It must not be confounded with anasarca 
or general dropsy of the flesh. A fat dog 
feels firm, the flesh of a dropsical dog gives 
way to the fingers—pits on pressure. 
NEW BOOK OF THE DOG. 
16. Position oF Bopy.—The wish to lie 
on the belly in disease of the liver, especi- 
ally in some cold corner; the persistent 
standing or sitting up in cases of pneu- 
monia; the arched back of inflammations 
in the abdominal regions (arched in order 
to release the muscles and prevent press- 
ure on the painful parts); the pitiful 
appearance of a dog in rheumatism—all tell 
their own tale, and speak volumes to the 
skilled veterinary surgeon. A slow gait is 
indicative of debility, stiffness of rheu- 
matism, or old age, and the curious twitch- 
ing or jerking movements of St. Vitus’s 
Dance need only be once seen to be 
remembered. 
Simple Remedies.—Much good may at 
times be done to sick dogs by administer- 
ing even seemingly simple medicines, and 
these do all the more good if given in time, 
for little ailments, if not seen to, often lead 
to very serious mischief. 
Take, then, a case of simple fever. This 
is sometimes called ephemeral fever, be- 
cause it is supposed only to last for about 
a day.* Towards evening the dog will 
seem dull and dispirited, and either refuse 
his food or eat lazily; his nose may not 
be hot, nor his eye injected, but under the 
thighs greater heat than usual will be felt; 
and if the dog’s owner has been in the 
habit of feeling his pulse in health, he will 
now find it is increased in frequency, and 
he will be sensible, too, of a greater heat 
than usual on the top of the head. Now 
what has to be done in this case is sim- 
plicity itself. First give a pill, compounded 
of from one-sixteenth of a grain of podo- 
phyllin for a Toy up to half a grain or 
more for a St. Bernard or a dog of that size, 
mixed with from three to fifteen grains of 
extract of dandelion.t This at once; then, 
before sleeping time, give from a teaspoon- 
ful up to six drachms of the solution of 
the acetate of ammonia in a little water, 
adding thereto from ten drops to two tea- 
spoonfuls of sweet spirits of nitre. In the 
morning give a simple dose of castor-oil— 
*In the dog its usual duration is from one to 
five days, 
+ In this treatise, wherever such words occur as 
say, ‘Dose from two drachms to one ounce,” the, 
smaller dose has reference to a Toy dog, the larger 
one to St. Bernard or Mastiff size. 
