596 
Liver, boiled or raw, to keep bowels just gently 
open. Bovril if much weakness, and a little port 
wine. Milk, cream, eggs, raw meat. 
Anesthetics. I mention but to condemn, except 
in the hands of a skilled vet., who will put a dog 
under chloroform or ether before performing dan- 
gerous operations. But dogs bear pain well when 
they know it is for their good. I have opened 
abscesses in large Mastiffs, and cut off toes from 
Setters, without chloroform, and the dogs sub- 
mitted cheerfully to after-dressing. 
Anus, Inflamed Glands of.—The dog may be 
in actual pain, or there may be only itching, and 
he sits down to rub himself along the grass or 
floor, or he frequently bites or licks under his 
tail. May be caused by PILES, which see. 
Treatment.—Examine the part, and if a boggy 
abscess, incision with clean lance and dressing 
with carbolic lotion (any chemist). If deep wound 
remains plug with sterilised lint, and dress with 
oxide of zinc ointment. 
Anus Prolapsed.—Most common in puppies 
suffering from diarrhea. It is a protrusion of the 
lower part of the bowel, which may be swollen 
and painful. 
Treatment.—W ash in warm water with a pinch 
of borax in it. Return after applying a little 
vaseline, zinc ointment. If it keeps protruding, 
the only thing to do is to get a vet., because an 
operation may be necessary. 
Appetite, Loss of..—Vide INDIGESTION or Dys- 
PEPSIA. : 
Asthma.—Symptoms: Distressed breathing com- 
ing on in spasms. In the dog it is nearly always 
the result of careless treatment, especially if the 
animal has been allowed to get too fat. A 
skilled vet. should examine the lungs and heart. 
Lower the diet. Be careful in exercise. Aperient 
medicines. Avoid all starchy foods and dainties. 
Vide OBESITY. 
Back, Stiffness of. — May be the result of 
chronic rheumatism in old dogs or of lumbago, 
or injury as if from blows. A stimulating lini- 
ment of ammonia and turpentine will do good in 
any case, but rest is the best cure. No violent 
exercise must be encouraged, and a soft bed is to 
be given at night. Massage if the case continues 
a long time. 
Balanitis.—Vide GENITAL ORGANS. 
Bald Spots.—If caused by eczema, rub in very 
sparingly a little green iodide of mercury. Wash 
next day and dress daily with Zam-Buk, an ele- 
gant preparation for the skin troubles of valuable 
or valued pets. 
Biliousness. — Vomiting in the morning, after 
eating grass, of frothy yellow bile. Bad appetite, 
hot nose and mouth. 
Treatment.—Castor oil first, then keeping of 
the bowels open by bile of liver. If loathing of 
food, from eighth of a grain to one grain of 
quinine in pill, mixed up with extract of taraxa 
cum. Vide LIvER and JAUNDICE. 
Bites.—See WOUNDS. 
THE NEW BOOK OF THE DOG. 
Bladder, Irritability of. — Frequent micturi- 
tion, much straining if there be stone in the blad- 
der, passing of a little blood in last portion of 
urine voided. A case for the vet., as a careful 
diagnosis is necessary to treatment. Patent barley 
water to drink, with or without a little beef tea. 
Milk and milk puddings. Liver as an aperient. 
Steeped Spratt’s Invalid biscuits, with a little 
gravy or Bovril. Moderate exercise. 
Blain.—See TONGUE. 
Blotch or Surfeit.—Vide MANGE or ECZEMA. 
Boils.— A dcg who has these is in bad form or 
diseased. May be caused by general weakness, 
by worms or may come as a sequel to DISTEMPER, 
which see. 
These are similar to the well-known boils of 
the human being, and appear in the dog where the 
skin is thinnest. They are very painful, and 
make the dog cross. Common in distemper or 
among young puppies. They indicate in older 
dogs foulness or over-richness of the blood. Re- 
form the diet scale. Give more green food, the 
bath, and exercise. Foment with hot water to 
bring to a head, or poultice. Early incision when 
they are soft. Antiseptic dressing. 
Bone3, Dislocation of.— By dislocation is 
meant the displacement from their normal posi- 
tion of the joint ends of bones. The signs of dis- 
location of a joint are: A change in the shape 
of it, the end of the bone being felt in a new posi- 
tion, and impaired motion and stiffness. This 
immobility of the joint and the absence of any 
grating sound, as of the ends of broken bones 
rubbing against each other, guide us in our diag- 
nosis between fracture and dislocation, though it 
must not be forgotten that the two are sometimes 
combined. 
Treatment.—Try by means as skilful as you 
possess to pull and work the joint back again 
into its proper position, while an assistant holds 
the socket of the joint firmly and steadily. It is 
the best plan, however, to call in skilled assist- 
ance. Do this at once, for the difficulty of effect- 
ing reduction increases every hour. Only a care- 
ful study of the anatomy of the dog enables one 
successfully to reduce dislocations; the assistance 
of a good veterinary surgeon should therefore be 
always called in. 
After the bone has been returned to its place, let 
the dog have plenty of rest, and use cold lotions 
to the joint to avert the danger of inflammation. 
Bones, Fractures of.—By a fracture surgeons 
mean the solution of continuity between some 
parts of a bone—a broken bone, in other words. 
Fractures are called simple when the bone is 
only broken in one place, and there is no wound; 
compound or open when there is a wound as 
well as the fracture and communicating there- 
with; and comminuted when the bone is smashed 
into several fragments. 
The usual cause of a fracture is direct or in- 
direct violence. 
The diagnosis is generally simple enough. We 
have the disfigurement, the displacement, the pre- 
