608 
of the eyes. It may be caused by congestion 
of the liver, often a result of complication of dis- 
temper, or by a sudden chill, or from the dog’s 
having been allowed to stand long in the wet. 
Every dog, as well as every human being, has 
some organ of the body weaker than the rest, 
and if one is exposed to cold while wet and 
hungry this organ is the most likely to be sought 
out and settled upon. 
The obstruction of the bile duct by the passing 
of a gall-stone is another cause, or the duct may 
be blocked by the entrance of a round worm. 
Symptoms.—Jaundice may come on with some 
days of dulness and loss of appetite, with staring 
coat, dry nose, and heat on top of the head, or 
there may be fever. The stools are dry and clay- 
coloured from the absence of bile therein. 
Treatment.—lf the dog seems to be suffering 
much pain, hot fomentations and large poultices 
are to be applied to the region of the liver after 
smearing the belly with belladonna liniment. 
Give also from 2 to 1o or 20 grains of chloral 
hydrate and repeat the dose if necessary, and after- 
wards, when the pain has somewhat abated, 
give either simply an aloes bolus to open the 
bowels, or, better still, give an aloes bolus at 
night and a draught in the morning, containing 
sulphate of soda and sulphate of magnesia, from 
¥% drachm to 3 drachms of each in water. 
As emaciation very soon comes on from the 
fever and the want of bile in the food, much 
good may often be done by the administration 
every morning of purified ox-bile; dose, from 2 
to 10 or 15 grains, made into a pill, combined with 
from 5 to 20 grains of Barbadoes aloes, especially 
if the obstruction is of long standing. 
Give light, nutritious, and easily digested food, 
and the addition of a little nitre in the animal’s 
drinking water will do good. Afterwards tonics 
{iron and quinine best), and plenty of food and 
moderate exercise. In jaundice from suppression 
of bile our treatment, of course, must be different. 
It must, however, be borne in mind that we must 
not weaken the digestion in any way. Our sheet- 
anchors here are purgatives, in order to stimulate 
the secretion of the bile. We may also use some 
of the mineral acids, the dilute nitric, or nitro- 
hydrochloric with taraxacum. If the reader cares 
to try the effect of mercury in some form, he may 
do so, giving small doses of calomel combined 
with aloes, in the morning, for two or three days: 
Calomel, % to 5 grains; aloe, 2 grains to 20; or 
podophyllin will be found as effectual and less 
dangerous, especially if combined with small 
doses of rhubarb. Instead of the nitrate of potash 
in the dog’s drink, the bicarbonate, a teaspoonful 
or two, may be given with advantage. 
The food should be light and easily digested : 
boiled eggs, bread puddings, bread-and-butter 
with a little beef-tea, and a very little raw meat 
minced. 
Kidneys. Vide NEPHRITIS. 
Lactation.— The bitch’s milk may be deficient. 
Give plenty of creamy cew’s milk to drink, mixed 
THE NEW BOOK 
OF “LHe. OG, 
and thickened with corn flour; also Robinson’s 
patent barley. Massage to the breasts. If there 
is a flow of milk from the teats of a bitch who 
is not in whelp, with painful swollen glands, 
milking may be needed twice a day, but no vio- 
lence must be used. Rub the breasts with a little 
brandy, and with belladonna liniment, and give 
castor-oil. Afterwards liver to keep the bowels 
open. Never neglect such a condition, else 
tumours may form. 
Laryngitis, or Inflammation of the Organ 
of Voice.—This may be acute or chronic, the 
former sometimes the result of injury or exten- 
sion of inflammation of throat, as in colds. There 
may be a good deal of effusion and swelling. 
If the dog seems in much pain and is making 
strange noises and attempts to vomit, better send 
for the vet.; meanwhile fomentations with large 
hot poultices will do much good. Open bowels 
and put on low diet. Quiet and rest, with ice- 
cooled water to drink. In the chronic form a 
harsh dry cough, with hacking and evident pain. 
This form may or may not be infectious, but the 
dog should be kept by himself anyhow. Good 
nursing is needed, and, if a thin-coated dog, a 
coat had better be worn. Open the bowels and 
give a cough mixture. 
Lice.—The common dog louse is not unlike the 
head louse of mankind, but is not so large, more 
squarely built, and of a light-grey or straw-colour. 
They are found occasionally on the bodies of all 
breeds of dogs, but mostly in long-haired animals 
like St. Bernards, Newfoundlands, etc., who have 
been allowed to roam about wherever they list 
and sleep out on dirty straw. 
But lice do not seem to inconvenience those out- 
of-door dogs very much. On puppies lice mul- 
tiply very quickly indeed, and the agony the 
poor things suffer is sometimes really pitiful to 
see. I have known a case of a black-and-tan 
English Terrier infested with lice, but, strange 
to say, in this case they turned out to be not 
dog but horse lice, and it was afterwards found 
that this dog was in the habit of sleeping every 
night on the back of one of the horses. They 
did not seem to give him any trouble, however, 
and were soon got rid of. 
The lice are hatched from nits, which we find 
clinging in rows, and very tenaciously too, to the 
hairs. The insects themselves are more difficult 
to find, but they are on puppies sometimes in 
thousands. 
To destroy them I have tried several plans. 
Oil is very effectual, and has safety to recom- 
mend it. Common sweet oil is as good a cure as 
any, and you may add a little oil of anise and 
some sublimed sulphur, which will increase the 
effect. Quassia water may be used to damp the 
coat. 
The matted portions of a long-haired dog’s coat 
must be cut off with scissors, for there the lice 
often lurk. The oil dressing will not kill the nits, 
so that vinegar must be used. After a few days 
the dressing must be repeated, and so on three 
A 
