612. 
or otherwise upon the spinal cord or brain itself. 
It may arise from constipation in the case of the 
hindquarters. 
Paralysis is sometimes the result of a blow or 
injury to the spinal column. Another cause of 
paralysis, which we sometimes see in puppies, is 
the irritation of teething, and it may be a com- 
plication of distemper—a bad sign. 
Treatment.—The castor-oil and buckthorn mix- 
ture, 2 parts of oil, 1 of syrup of buckthorn 
first. See that the medicine has acted; if not, it 
must be repeated or an enema given. Keep his 
strength well up, and use this prescription :— 
Iodide of potassium, % to 5 grains; extract of 
belladonna, jy to 2 grains; extract of gentian, 
2 to 10 grains. Make into a bolus; give thrice 
daily. 
Continue this treatment for a week; if little 
improvement, the dose is to be slightly increased 
and Virol given. 
Gentle friction, or shampooing with the warm 
hand, will go far to maintain the nutrition of the 
limbs, and prevent ataxy or wasting. The blad- 
der must be attended to, and, if necessary, the 
catheter passed and the water drawn off. 
Parasites, External. Vide FLEAS, HARVEST 
Bucs, LIcE, and TIcKs. 
Parasites, Internal. Vide WorRMS. 
Piles or Hzmorrhoids.—Most common things 
among dogs who are roughly fed and get but 
little exercise. Caused by constipation or slug- 
gish liver. 
Symptoms.—Pain while sitting at stool should at 
once arouse suspicion, or he may be observed fre- 
quently to lick the regions under the tail, or sit 
down and trail the anus along the ground. 
Upon examination the anus will be found to 
have lost its usual healthy contracted appear- 
ance, and is puffy and swollen. There are seldom 
external piles without internal as well. The 
stools, too, will often, especially if the dog be 
constipated, be found tinged with blood. Old 
dogs are more frequently troubled with piles 
than young ones. 
Treatment.—This must be both local and con- 
stitutional. The food ought to be of a non- 
constipation nature, and contain a due amount of 
flesh. Boiled greens ought to be given frequently, 
and occasionally a piece of raw bullock’s liver. 
Exercise is most essential. At the same time any 
bad habits he may have formed, such as eating 
wood, or even too much dog grass, must be cor- 
rected. Gentle purgatives may be required, just 
enough to keep the bowels moderately free, such 
as a little sulphur in the food, or a little castor- 
oil given the last thing at night. If he seems very 
dull, with a dry nose and little appetite, and 
sometimes vomits a yellow fluid, a ball, consisting 
of a little sulphur, with from 5 to 10 grains of the 
extract of taraxacum, should be given every 
morning. 
Locaily.—Cleanliness of the parts. An oint- 
ment will also be of great service, and ought to 
be not only well smeared on twice or oftener 
THE NEW BOOK OF THE DOG. 
every day, but a little inserted into the rectum. 
The compound ointment of galls, with a double 
proportion of powdered opium, is very useful; or 
the benzoated oxide of zinc ointment may be 
used, but if there be much tenderness the dog 
does not like it so well. 
Pleurisy.— Is a most painful disease, being 
inflammation generally at one side of the anti- 
friction closed sack or pleura, which Nature has 
placed ’twixt the walls of the chest and lungs,* 
and the sack is inflamed inside and roughened. 
Effusion is the result and the usual products of 
such inflammations. 
Caused by cold and damp while the dog is 
hungry and tired, or may be the extension of the 
inflammation of the lungs, pneumonia, constitut- 
ing the disease pleuro-pneumonia. 
In pleurisy without pneumonia the ailment 
commences with rigor or shivering. Uneasiness, 
countenance anxious, coat staring. Thirst, pain, 
panting, and a dry, karsh cough. Fever and 
high temperature, and all the usual symptoms of 
inflammation. Rough sounds at first on apply- 
ing the ear to the chest. No sound after the 
effusion takes place. If matter forms, distinct 
rigors or shivering. 
Treatment.—Both this disease and pneumonia 
will need all the skill of a good vet., but much 
good can be done before he comes, or the case 
may be treated without him. Give a dose of 
castor-oil at once, enough to open the bowels 
well, but no lowering medicine. Hot fomenta- 
tions, poultices, and the usual local means of 
relieving pain (vide PAIN). Let his bed be warm 
and dry, but the apartment itself cool and well- 
ventilated. After the oil has acted, 1 grain to 
6 grains of James’s powder may be given at once, 
and repeated at intervals of five hours until eight 
powders have been given. The following mixture 
may be used thrice daily for the first two or three 
days: Cream of tartar, from 10 to 30 grains; 
mindererus spirit, from 20 or 30 drops to 2 
drachms, in a little camphor water. When the 
fever has abated, some blistering fluid might be 
rubbed in, if the seat of the pain can be positioned, 
but the coat would have to be cut and shaved at 
the place. 
Low diet at first. In convalescence after the 
fever, support the system with the usual foods 
for the sick (wide FOODS), and a little wine or 
brandy and water may be needed thrice daily, 
but its effect must be watched on pulse and tem- 
perature. Diarrhoea, if it comes on, must not he 
stopped at once. It is generally salutary. 
Tincture of aconite is often of use in the first 
stages instead of the fever mixture; dose, from 
2 to 15 drops every three hours, in a little water. 
Iron tonics also in convalescence, and the tonic 
food Virol. 
Pneumonia.—Vet.’s assistance if possible, and 
* It is the smooth lubricated inner surfaces of this bag that rub 
against each other, thus preventing friction. A sack of the same 
kind is placed between all joints for the same purpose, 
