40 ELEMENTARY WOODWORKING 
The dry glue in the form of chips must be dissolved 
in water and heated, being applied while hot. Liquid 
glues sold in cans ready for use are now very common 
and require no heating. 
In making a glued joint it is usually necessary to hold 
the pieces tightly together until the glue has set, or hard- 
ened, and as this takes some time, hand screws built on 
the principle of the vise are resorted to. Fig. 52 shows 
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Fic. 52. Method of using the Hand Screw 
two pieces glued together and fastened in a pair of 
hand screws. Care must always be taken to keep the 
jaws of the latter parallel. At a this is shown done 
properly, while at } is shown a careless method which, 
of course, will spoil the joint. 
In gluing on the end grain a preliminary, or sizing, 
coat of glue must first be made to fill up the pores, 
which act very much like a sponge. This coat should 
be allowed to dry, or partially dry, before applying the 
