CUTTING TOOLS 21 
cap iron in the smooth plane should be set from a six- 
teenth to a thirty-second of an inch from the cutting 
edge of the plane iron. 
12. Jointers. For straightening very rough and un- 
even stock a long plane is necessary (Fig. 25). In the 
illustration let line ab rep- ¢ 
Se) 
resent the edge of a very “Bass 
uneven board. A short 
plane c would simply fol- = = -—«“—*____. 
low the hills and hollows, 222 
smoothing but not straight- Fie. 25. Action of Short and Long 
ening it, while a long plane, Eanes 
as shown at d, would merely cut off the top of the high 
places, as shown by the dotted line, and would not touch 
the bottoms of the hollows until all the elevations were 
leveled; in other words, until the surface was straight- 
ened. Such planes, which 
are often three feet long or 
more, are called jointers. 
13. The Block Plane. To 
square the end of a piece of 
stock the conditions are quite different from those 
just described where we were planing with the grain. 
In end planing no cap iron is necessary, the plane 
iron in the block plane being reversed with bevel 
side up. 
Fie. 26. The Block Plane 
