CUTTING TOOLS 17 
this purpose. The handles holding the saw blade may 
be turned in any direction with reference to the frame. 
8. The Plane. The plane reduces our rough lumber 
to planed, or dressed, stock. The cutting part is a 
thin, wide chisel called the plane 
iron. 
Fig. 20 shows the position of 
the plane iron in operation. As- 
sume the iron to be moving in 
the direction of the arrow on a 
piece of wood. The sharp point 
would enter the board and, should 
the grain be unfavorable, start 
a splitting action, as shown at a. 
We wish to smooth the wood 20 ean ee 
instead of roughing it, and must 
in some way stop the splitting. This is accomplished 
by placing a cap iron on the plane iron, as shown at b. 
The cap bends and breaks 
the shaving before the 
splitting action has a 
chance to begin, and gives 
Fie. 21. Plane Iron, Cap, and Set the spiral form so familiar 
Screw : 
in wood shavings. 
The cap is firmly fastened to the plane iron by a 
stout screw, and this whole combination is fastened in 
