62 ELEMENTARY WOODWORKING 
A better way would be to build the board up of sev- 
eral narrow strips glued together, as the warping of one 
would be counteracted by the warping of its neighbors 
in opposite directions; but to make doubly sure, cleats 
fastened with tongue and groove joint should be added 
at the ends, as shown at D. This has an advantage 
over the first method, as the cleats in C are often in 
the way and make the board clumsy to handle. 
Fic. 77. A Study in Construction. Methods of overcoming 
Warping and Shrinkage 
The student will find many evidences about the house 
of how the woodworker has tried to prevent warping 
and shrinkage, as, for instance, in the paneled doors, 
tables, etc. 
The wood of the various trees differs greatly in hard- 
ness, evenness of grain, durability, ete., and every boy 
