70 ELEMENTARY WOODWORKING 
divisions, while the black oak 
has five. However, the leaves 
of these two trees vary consider- 
ably, and one must always look 
for the typical leaf, which is the 
one shown in the sketch. The 
black-jack is a small, shrubby 
tree, with branches often twisted 
and contorted, and its wood is 
not very valuable except as fuel 
Fic. 83. Leaf of a 
Red Oak or for making charcoal. 
13 f 
J Avi ! 
Fic. 84. Wood of the Red Oak, showing three sections. The one on the left 
shows annual rings obtained by a horizontal cut through the tree. Cen- 
tral view shows vertical cut at center of tree. View on right shows verti- 
cal cut between center and bark as illustrated in Fig. 73. 
