26 Harry C. Schmeisser. 
below it. In fact, the latter organ in situ (Fig. 5) was so enormous that 
it filled the entire peritoneal cavity and was the only viscus visible on 
entering the abdomen. 
Liver—As mentioned, the liver was greatly enlarged in 11 cases 
(Table 1), frequently enormous (Fig. 5). In the smallest of these 
the right lobe measured 9 x 4.5 x 3.8 cm. ; the left lobe, 7 x 5 x 3.8 cm. ; 
in the largest, right lobe 13.5 x 4.5 x 4 cm.; left lobe 12.5 x 4 x 3.5 cm. 
On comparing them with the normal, these dimensions are not very con- 
vincing, with the exception of the length of the lobes. As the organ 
enlarges, it becomes distorted, because the limited cross-diameter of the 
peritoneal cavity prevents its expansion in this direction and forces the 
lobes to follow the costal framework, posteriorly. The long diameters 
of the lobes are more reliable, because the organ can enlarge freely in 
this direction. 
The weight of the liver is a more accurate indication of its size, 
especially when expressed in per cent of body weight, «. e., the number of 
grams of weight of organ per 100 gm. of weight of the animal at death. 
Thus, the weights were found to range from 80-265 gm, 1. e., they were 
over five times the normal or 6.2-10.3 per cent of body-weight, an 
increase of 3.6+ times the normal (Table 1). 
The external appearance of the liver may not differ much from the 
normal, but usually it is very characteristic (Fig. 5). It may appear 
diffusely gray, due to very closely packed subcapsular spots, pin-point to 
2 mm. in diameter. These are usually more scattered and translucent, 
at times slightly yellow and opaque. They may fuse to form larger 
areas with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm., or they may be arranged in a delicate 
gray network. In addition, numerous gray or slightly yellow nodules, 
ranging from 2-0.5 cm. in diameter are often present. The whole gives 
the surface an extremely mottled appearance. Lobulation at times is 
visible, usually indistinct. The liver may be slightly firm or friable. 
The sectioned surface appears very similar to the external surface. Dots 
and lines often form gray borders along the blood-vessels. The latter 
also occupy the centers of some of the larger, circumscribed, gray areas. 
The perivascular connective tissue in rare instances is bile-stained. 
Microscopically, there is usually a diffuse infiltration of myeloid cells. 
They are closely packed within and without the intralobular capillaries. 
The liver trabecule show fatty degeneration and atrophy. The large 
mononuclear, rich in mitotic figures, is by far the predominating cell. 
