8 Harry C. Schmeisser. 
leukemia. It is characterized by a hyperleucocytosis due to the 
polymorphs. (Ellermann and Bang * had also stated this fact at an 
earlier date.) (2) The organs of the tuberculous chickens were entirely 
free from the changes which Ellermann and Bang, and they themselves, 
found to be characteristic of leukemia and which correspond entirely 
with leukemic lesions in man. (3) By injections of organic emulsions 
obtained from spontaneous tuberculous chickens, or of pure cultures 
of chicken tubercle bacilli, they uniformly produced a typical tuber- 
culous blood picture and organic changes, always without any signs 
of leukemia. 
Ellermann “” in 1913 and 1914, in answer to the question whether 
this chicken disease is really leukemia, shows that it has all the 
symptoms of human leukemia. He meets Schridde’s objection by the 
argument that this investigator’s claim was limited to the blood picture, 
and in the absence of the characteristic organic changes, of which he 
makes no mention, his experiments are of no importance. The in- 
jection of an organic emulsion Ellermann never found to cause any 
change in the blood, provided the material was not virulent. Ellermann 
and Bang had previously produced the disease with Berkefeld filtrates 
in three different experiments. In this paper Ellermann reports two 
more successful series. All other investigators have had only negative 
results. Thus, Hirschfeld and Jacoby “ were unsuccessful in two experi- 
ments and Burckhardt ™ in one. — 
Ellermann is convinced that the filtrate experiments prove the 
-theory of infection, for all the cells were surely removed. He feels 
that the fact that the virus passed through a rather thick-walled Berke- 
feld filter demonstrates that it is an. invisible filtrate virus. He clearly 
shows that the leukemic virus can be separated from the virus 
of tuberculosis by filtration and that, therefore, the two diseases 
are distinct. Starting with an emulsion of spleen taken from an 
animal, both leukemic and tuberculous, in which tubercle bacilli had 
been demonstrated, he passed this through a porcelain (Reichel) filter 
and with the filtrate he produced leukemia with complete absence of 
tuberculosis in all the inoculated animals. 
Ellermann finally states that both the spontaneous and the trans- 
mitted leukemia occur in two types; (a) myeloid, (b) lymphatic. In 
the first the blood is characterized by the presence of numerous 
myelocytes and transitional cells, occurring in association with a pro- 
nounced myelosis (large deposits of myelocytes) in the organs. In the 
