Leukemia of the Fowl. 5 
His study was limited to gross and microscopical findings at autopsy. 
The bone-marrow was omitted. The contents of the blood-vessels 
of the organs were found to be leukemic. He designates the case 
also as “splenic leukemia,” but in so doing he calls attention to the 
fact that the process involves many of the other organs and appears 
to be only primary and most marked in the spleen. There was 
no enlargement of the lymph-glands. 
With Ellermann and Bang,’" in 1908, the subject takes on a 
different phase. Up to this time, the communications dealt entirely 
with the recording of spontaneous cases of leukemia in the fowl. 
Ellermann and Bang were the first to successfully transmit the 
disease by experimental inoculations from a spontaneous case to 
other, healthy, fowls. In fact, they claim to have been the first to 
successfully produce the disease experimentally in any animal. They 
report the findings in two typical spontaneous cases giving identical 
pictures. The blood study during life was found to be practically 
the same as that of Warthin’s case, with the exception that the large 
mononuclears frequently contained in their cytoplasm many granules, 
and thus represented cells which are not found in the normal blood— 
myelocytes. Small granules alternated with very large ones. The 
autopsy showed an enlarged spleen and liver, the latter with white 
dots and streaks. The bone-marrow was gray-red. The other organs 
presented nothing of interest. The microscopical changes were very 
similar to those of Warthin’s case. The experimental leukemia they 
transmitted to the third generation, producing a blood picture and 
organic findings identical with those of the spontaneous cases. 
Pseudoleukemia, which is characterized. by the same organic lesions 
as are found in true leukemia, but in which the blood picture is 
normal, they found to occur spontaneously among chickens. They 
received from the same flock, at the same time, a leukemic and 
pseudolenkemic animal. From the pseudoleukemic animal, by inocu- 
lation, they produced a leukemic animal, and conclude, therefore, 
that the leukemia and pseudoleukemia of chickens are etiologically 
identical. , 
Multiple sarcomatosis of the peritoneum occurs epidemically in the 
fowl. They consider this a manifestation of leukemia, because by 
inoculation from such a case they produced an atypical leukemia and 
carried this to the second generation. 
They were successful in two out of five inoculations with a filtrate 
from an emulsion passed through a “ Kerze aus Infusorierde” and 
