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ordinary pillars. Kinds like the Ayrshires may often be 

 left two or three years practically untouched, when some 

 thinning will become necessary. Flowers and foliage, 

 and plenty of them, are the qualities most to be desired 

 in pergola Roses. 



INSTRUCTION 40. 

 BARLY AUTUMN THINNING. 



Most of the climbing and strong growing Roses 

 are much benefited by pruning after their summer 

 flowering. This is best done in the late summer or early 

 autumn, say in August. 



The summer flowering varieties should have 

 the wood that has flowered cut right away. The 

 majority of these varieties produce the best blooms and 

 the best display of flowers from wood of the preceding 

 year's growth, or on short laterals from it, and the object 

 of this pruning is to encourage the young growth starting 

 from or near the base of the plant, and give it room to 

 ripen. The strong young shoots so produced may if 

 necessary be tied in to prevent their breaking, but should 

 on no account be shortened or have their growth checked 

 at this period of the year. 



Summer Roses of a less vigorous habit, i.e., those 

 which are bushes rather than climbers, may receive 

 similar treatment in a modified form. The Moss Rose 

 may be taken as an example of this class. Here a con- 

 siderable thinning out of shoots that have flowered is 

 beneficial, but the young growth is less robust, and it is 

 not usually practicable or even desirable to cut out all 

 the shoots that have flowered. 



The Briars require rather different treatment. These 

 flower as a rule on the sub-laterals, moreover the shoots 



