only the god of boundaries but also the god of roads and traffic, and in 

 both these capacities he is represented in a similar manner. Stones, Hermce, 

 were placed along the roads, and especially at cross-roads, where they 

 often had three or four heads. When death occurred sacrifices were 

 offered to him as conductor of the soul of the deceased, and Hermee were 

 placed upon the grave. Many statues exist of other deities, similar in 

 form to and doubtless originating in the same manner as Herma. Some 

 have a double head and combine the characteristics of the two deities. A 

 mantle is frequently hung over the shoulders, at whose sides there were 

 often projections upon which to hang garlands. Among the wealthy 

 Romans Herma of all kinds were in great request for the decoration of 

 their houses and villas. It is also stated that they were used as posts for 

 ornamental railings to a garden, in which case they were usually decorated 

 with the busts of philosophers and eminent men. Some of these may be 

 seen at the Vatican and other museums, with the square holes in their 

 shoulders into which the transverse rail was inserted. 



The existence of ancient vaulted chambers in the podere, attached to 

 the Villa Piatti and now used for the storage of wine and oil, suggests 

 the possibility that many of the antique marbles employed for the 

 decoration of the villa were excavated on the estate. As at Frascati, so 

 in the environs of Rome, many modern villas were built on the ruins of 

 ancient ones. 



It is interesting to compare a villa of this simple type with such a 

 princely one as the Villa Pamphilj-Doria, or Belrespiro, as it is sometimes 

 called. The grounds of this villa are of vast extent, being even larger 

 than those of the Villa Borghese, to which they bear a superficial 

 resemblance. It was laid out about the year 1644 by Cardinal D. 

 Camillo Pamphilj, nephew of Pope Innocent X., from the designs of 

 Alessandro Algardi, and lies just without the Porta S. Pancrazio, occupy- 

 ing, it is alleged, the site of the Gardens of the Emperor Galba. 



As it exists at the present day, the villa is a pleasant combination of 

 the formal and the picturesque ; the more symmetrical arrangement in 

 the immediate vicinity of the casino is admirably carried into the wilder 

 part of the park by means of bold avenues of holm-oak and the regular 

 planting of stone pines. The " lay out " of the gardens has been attri- 



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