214 THE MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES OF THE DOG. 



which for a fuller description I refer my readers — I transcribe 

 some of his remarks referring to the dog, with the accompany- 

 ing illustrations : 



" It is surprising what, a number of entozoa infest the dog : 

 and it is still more remarkable to observe what a number of 

 creatures, including man himself, are destined to play the 

 role of intermediary bearer of the canine parasites in their 

 juvenile stages of development. It is this consideration which, 

 to my mind, renders the dog, in the matter of parasitism, far 

 more important than any other domesticated animal that can 

 be named." 



The following are the specimens mentioned by Dr. Cob- 

 bold : Distoma conjunctum (Fig. 24), obtained originally by 

 Dr. Cobbold from the liver-ducts of an American red fox, and 

 spoken to by Dr. Lewis as " not unfr§,4uently met with in the 

 bile-ducts " of the pariah dogs of Indi'a. 



Holostoma alatum, another fluke (the winged), which, Dr. 

 Cobbold observes, may be readily taken for the above, is 

 occasionally found in the stomach and intestines of the dog, 

 but more commonly in the alimentary canal of the fox. 



" When people speak of ' worms ' in the dog, they common- 

 ly refer to round and tapeworms ; and in place of recognizing, 

 as they might, fully a score or more of internal parasites, they 

 are content to roll the entire series into three or four species 

 only. It is the function of the helminthologist to correct 

 this error. Thus, of the so-called lumbricoid and filariform 

 worms, we have no less than eight or nine distinct forms, and 

 of these the most . common species is the margined round 

 worm." 



This lumbricoid of the dog {Ascaris marginatd) is proba- 

 bly identical with the mustached worm of the cat {Ascaris 

 mystax). It is sometimes described as the long round worm. 

 The males acquire a length of from two to nearly three inches, 

 whilst the females measure four, five, or even six inches from 

 head to tail. To afford some notion of its prevalence, I may 

 state that it was found at Vienna in 104 out of 144 dogs dis- 



