222 THE MANAGEMENT AND DISEASES OF THE DOG. 



the accompanying drawing (Fig. 27), such a demonstration 

 may display a bunch of young tapeworm heads, one or all of 

 them showing the crown of hooks (a), the four suckers (d), 

 and a multitude of minute oval calcareous particles (c), which 

 the old naturalists formerly supposed to be eggs. The com- 

 mon bladder vesicle, from which the heads project, exhibits 

 cellular markings. 



The above figures are copied from Newman's treatise, and 

 I can testify to their perfect accuracy of detail. In one re- 

 markable instance, recorded by Eichler, as many as 2000 

 heads were displayed by a single cxnurus. 



Dr. Cobbold proceeds to speak of the measures to be taken 

 in such cases, and advocates the destruction of the tapeworms 

 and their ova. He points out the necessity of the sheep- 

 owner and grazier seeing that no dog, either belonging to 

 himself or his neighbors, is permitted to go about the land 

 distributing the eggs of tapeworms with every act of defseca- 

 tion, as well as by dropping the ova off its coat* If a dog 

 harboring tapeworms be allowed to plunge into an ordinary 

 field pond to wash himself, such an act conveys numerous eggs 

 into the water.; and the next herbivorous animal that comes 

 to slake its thirst will be liable to drink in one or more of the 

 parasite's eggs. If thus the hogget or a calf swallow the eggs 

 of a gid-tapeworm, " turnside " will be the consequence ; but 

 if the herbivore swallows the eggs of the hydatid tapeworm, 

 properly so-called hydatids will be the result. And so on 

 with other creatures which happen to ingest the ova of differ- 

 ent and appropriate parasites. 



To hares and rabbits the dog thus communicates another 

 bladder-worm disease ; and we ourselves are also liable to 

 become infested with hydatids from the same source. 



Another parasite of this class is described as follows by 



* Easier to advocate than adopt. To prevent dogs trespassing on some 

 portion of land vifould necessitate a staff of watchers far beyond the ordi- 

 nary number of farm servants. 



