CHAPTER XXIV. 

 PASSIONS AND EMOTIONS OF BEES. 



AflFection for Queen and Brood — Recognition of Friends and Strangers 

 — Fear— Anger — Covetousness— Benevolence — Remorse — Hope — 

 Instinctive or Sense-action. 



Certain difficulties surround the question of the 

 emotions exhibited by the lower orders of animals ; 

 since it is easy for imagination, or, at least, the 

 interpretative faculty of observers, to lend so special 

 a colouring to actions, that the significance given 

 to appearances will vary exceedingly, according to 

 the subjectivity of the individual recording and ex- 

 plaining phenomena. There can, however, be little 

 doubt that a feeling of affection exists between the 

 workers and the queen, and is reciprocally mani- 

 fested. The symptoms of distress at the loss of the 

 hive-mother ; the reverent attention paid to her by 

 her special attendants ; the joy at her restoration 

 after temporary removal ; resentment shown to a 

 substitute while any hope of recovering their rightful 

 monarch remains ; the devoted following of her when 

 a swarm issues, all tend unmistakably, we think, to 

 show that genuine love is the bond between the un- 

 developed females and the one fully developed in the 



