SOIL, LOCATION AND WINDBREAKS. 11 
common remark, ‘‘ There is no wind and the peach buds 
will not suffer.” If the thermometer registers a temper- 
ature ten or fifteen degrees higher and a smart wind is 
blowing, everyone feels discouraged or uncertain. It is 
one of the commonest of observations that a wind in- 
creases cold. I recall a farmer who had an old and poorly 
made house, but who boasted that because he was well 
protected by trees he suffered less than a neighbor on 
a barren field, who had a new and tight house. 
High winds are in several ways injurious to the orchard. 
It is a common and correct teaching that orchards should 
be planted on high land as a matter of winter protection, 
but, as such places are invariably windy, the idea has ob- 
tained that wind isin some manner a protection. The 
advantages to be obtained from high places are two: The 
soil, being commonly well drained, is warm; the atmos- 
pheric drainage is good. If we can secure the congenial 
soil and the atmospheric drainage at the same time that 
we avoid high winds, we secure the greatest requisite in 
orchard culture. 
A high wind shortly before apples are ripe will shake off 
and bruise half or more of them in unprotected orchards. 
I have frequently known promising apple crops to be 
ruined in this manner. It frequently occurs that the 
trees are badly broken at the same time. An ice storm, 
followed by wind, is exceedingly destructive. Young trees 
set in an exposed situation are always being blown askew, 
and they must be repeatedly staked and tied. Many 
growers recognize this fact, and plant corn among young 
trees, but as soon as the corn is removed the unprotected 
trees are wrenched by Autumn winds. I frequently see 
