12 FIELD NOTLS ON APPLE CULTURE. 
old orchards whose crooked trunks record early damages 
from winds. 
A good windbreak is the surest protection to an orchard. 
A windbreak may be made too dense, however. A wall- 
like hedge of evergreens is apt to obstruct atmospheric 
drainage. A double or triple row of deciduous trees, 
with a few spruces intermixed, appears to be the most 
desirable. ‘The best protected orchard I ever saw was one 
planted behind another orchard. The exposed orchard 
suffered much, however. If the hard winds are mostly 
from one direction the windbreak may not be needed on 
all sides, 
