20 FIELD NOTES ON APPLE CULTURE. 
variety will prove hardier upon a gravelly eminence than 
on rich bottom lands. This statement is true of the 
Eastern States, at least. Of late, B. F. Johnson and 
Professor Burrill, of Champaign, Illinois, contend that 
the lower lands are generally preferable for apple growing 
onthe prairies. On account of the pinching drouths the 
trees upon the higher lands cease growing by midsum- 
mer, but with the advent of fall rains they start into a 
second growth which does not mature, and, as a conse- 
quence, the trees are winter-killed. On the lower and 
moister lands the growth is said to be continuous and 
the wood matures thoroughly. In all cases, however, it 
is important to bear in mind the fact that hardiness de- 
pends as much upon soil and location as upon varieties. 
Among the best market apples are the following : 
For Summer and Fall: Early Harvest, Sweet Bough 
(especially in New England), Red Astrachan, Williams’ 
Favorite (eastward), Oldenburgh (Duchess of Olden- 
burgh), Alexander, St. Lawrence, Gravenstein, Maiden’s 
Blush, Chenango (Chenango Strawberry), Twenty Ounce, 
Shiawassee (early winter), Ohio Nonpareil, Lowell, Porter, 
Hawthornden, Jersey Sweet, Fameuse (Snow Apple). 
For Winter: Baldwin, Northern Spy, Rhode Island 
Greening, Ben Davis (West and South), Talman Sweet, 
Red Canada, Tompkins King, Grimes’ Golden, Stark, 
Golden Russet, Roxbury Russet (eastward), Hubbards- 
ton (early winter), Fallawater, Smith’s Cider, Jonathan, 
Nickajack (South), Vandevere, Peck’s Pleasant, Limber 
Twig. : 
The following have a reputation for home use : 
For Summer and Fall: Primate, Sweet Bough, Early 
