30 FIELD NOTES ON APPLE CULTURE. 
inferior to a compost, and it is less expensive. Few 
farmers realize how much fertilizing material annually 
‘goes to waste. : 
Wood ashes are an invaluable manure for the orchard. 
They may be used when leached or unleached. Un- 
leached ashes should be used with caution. Leached 
ashes may be applied to the depth of two inches. 
It is an absurd notion that manuring fruit trees is in- 
jurious. I have applied barnyard manure for years and 
never knew any injury to result. One must exercise 
judgment, however, as well as in the case of grain or 
other crops. 
Green manuring is often to be recommended. Rye is 
especially good for a green manure in the orchard. It 
may be sown in the fall with a very little stirring of the 
ground and turned under the next spring. During the 
winter the rye holds the snow, which may give some 
protection. 
