TRAINING AND REPAIRING ORCHARD TREES. 39 
heavy bush is left at the end of the branch, trouble is 
inevitable. 
Baldwins, and other varieties in the same orchard, 
pruned in the same manner as the Greenings, but with 
less care, donot droop. Trees of a drooping habit should 
be planted on a dry and gravelly soil, and when they 
begin to cover the ground all tall grass and litter should be 
kept away from them. Dryness under the tree may then 
be secured. Perhapsit would help Greenings to top-graft 
them, although the most complete drooper I ever saw is 
top-grafted. 
CHAPTER XI. 
TRAINING AND REPAIRING ORCHARD TREES.— 
SCRAPING. te 
Aside from ordinary pruning, which is chiefly con- 
cerned with the form of the tree, there are certain matters 
of secondary importance and of occasional occurence 
which the pruner must not neglect. Young trees will 
be twisted by winds, or they may be entirely broken down ; 
crotches will need to be strengthened and broken tops re- 
paired. Repair is not necessarily associated with old age 
and decay. ‘Vigorous apple trees can sometimes be re- 
paired to as good advantage as can a strong wagon or 
sleigh. . 
If the grower has been so unfortunate as to secure weak 
and slender trees for planting, he must make them stocky 
by good cultivation and by heading back. Induce 4 vig- 
