TRAINING AND REPAIRING ORCHARD TREES. 43 
apart, the branches may often be brought together again 
and secured with bolts. I will describe a case of unusual 
severity, which vill serve to illustrate the method to be 
employed in repairing broken trees. An over-laden 
Baldwin tree, a foot or more in diameter, the top of which 
started about four feet from the ground, was broken down 
by a wind storm. The broken portion included nearly half 
the tree, and it split away from the main portion and lay 
flat upon the ground. The split reached to the heart of the 
trunk, and extended to the ground. Ropes were secured to 
the fallen portion, and were then passed around limbs on 
the standing portion, so that the broken part could be 
pulled up as with so many ropes and pulleys. Several men 
pulled up the broken half, and a three-fourths inch iron 
rod was passed through the body, and the two parts 
were brought snugly together by a heavy nut. Tworods, 
five or six feet long, were passed through the branches 
higher up, and were drawn tight by nuts. The heads of 
the bolts were large and flat, so that they could not be 
pulled into the wood, and the nuts had large washers 
underneath them. The split was then thoroughly waxed 
over and covered with a piece of rubber cloth. The two 
parts of the tree united, and in two years there was no evi- 
dence of a split except the bolts. Bands placed about 
trees to brace them are always injurious, as they restrict 
growth. I have never known injury to result from the 
use of bolts. The heads soon grow in, and no trace is 
left of them. 
Large limbs often break down in such a manner as to 
preclude all possibihty of rejoining the broken parts. 
The loss of the limbs may destroy the symmetry of the 
