76 FIELD NOTES ON APPLE CULTURE. 
been a general concert of action to destroy them, can be 
accounted for in no other way than by supposing that 
they breed on wild plants. Many orchardists have found 
that a hawthorn hedge has been an expensive luxury by 
breeding apple tree borers and other insects. Now that 
the disgusting apple raaggot has spread itself over so wide 
an extent of country, it becomes important that we de- 
stroy the wild hawthorns. To those who love the wild 
plants which decorate our copses and tangles, this de- 
struction of hawthorns and other bushes will come as a 
hardship ; but it is to be remembered that utility must 
come before beauty. Moreover, those who admire the 
hawthorns can plant them and keep off the insects. 
The wild crab breeds the Codlin Moth. The wild cherry. 
is perhaps the favorite food plant of the destructive Tent 
Caterpillar. 
Not only do some wild plants breed orchard insects, but © 
they are not infrequently the means of causing little 
known insects to multiply so rapidly as to take on new 
habits and overrun the farm. I have in mind a pain- 
ful instance. In Western’ Michigan a swamp of wild 
roses bred the rose chafer. The insects were noticed by 
residents in the vicinity for some years, it is said. The 
insects multiplied to such an extent that the swamps 
could no longer hold them, and they overran small fruits 
and orchards for miles about in the most destructive man- 
ner. Over a considerable area these insects have been 
the mosi serious of orchard pests for some years. 
Information concerning insects is now easily obtained. 
The scope of these notes allows me to discuss only the 
most injurious pests, the Borers and the Codlin Moth. 
