%8 FIELD NOTES ON APPLE CULTURE. 
are pushed from its burrows. The larva or grub lives three 
years. When full grown (figure 15) it is about an inch 
long, nearly cylindrical, whitish or often tinged with 
yellow. The pretty brown and white striped parent 
beetle (figure 14) is commonly nocturnal in its habits, 
and is therefore seldom seen by the casual observer. 
Tf one would know the whole life history of this insect, 
he will be obliged to watch it three years, and to follow 
it from an egz laid on the bark, through a tiny opening 
into the sapwood, through a gradually enlarging channel 
tending inwards and upwards, and finally reaching its 
termination just beneath the bark. There the insect 
would be at the end of nearly three years, a motionless 
pupa, wrapped in a cocoon of its own chips. During the 
first year the grub works in the soft sapwood, just under- 
neath the bark, but about the beginning of its second 
year it enters the hard wood. Sometimes, however, the 
tunnel is nearly superficial for its whole length. During 
two winters the insect remains in the tree as a grub, but 
before the third winter, it has changed into a pupa, and 
lies in its cocoon until tne following spring, when it be- 
comes a beetle. The pupa sometimes transforms into a 
beetle before warm weather appears, and the beetle will 
then lie in the burrow until awakened by the warmth of 
May or June. It then gnaws a smooth, round hole 
through the bark, and escapes at night. Evidently 
aware of the ill repute in which it is held, the beetle 
hides itself during the day, and at night flies about 
the orchard, bent upon mischief. It is occasionally 
met with in the daytime. All through June and July 
it lingers about the orchard, but before the summer 
