80 FIELD NOTES ON APPLE CULTURE. 
beetle sometimes lays its eggs on the upper trunk or 
branches, it is not to be relied upon. 
Tying heavy brown paper about the base of the tree 
for a distance of two or three feet above the ground, and 
smearing the paper with coal tar is often recommended. 
REMEDIES. 
When the chips are discovered, procure a flexible wire, 
or peel the bark from a small twig and thrust it into the 
hole. A wire which is setinto a handle will be found 
convenient. A peculiar pressure will tell you when you 
have struck the grub. When the grub has once reached 
the hard wood, it is a barbarous practice to whittle it 
out with a jackknife. The grubs are easily killed during 
the first year after they begin work, especially in the fall. 
During that time they work just underneath the bark, 
eating out irregular burrows as large as a half-dollar. If 
more than one borer should attack the tree, it may be 
well-nigh girdled the first year. Before the chips of the 
borer appear, a drop of brown sap may be seen exuding 
from each hole. One can readily see just where the 
young borer is, and can kill it by using the point of 
a knife. 
Woodpeckers often destroy many borers while the grub 
is working just under the bark. I have frequently seen 
them digging out the borers in winter. 
The beetles secrete themselves in the tree during the 
day, and they may be jarred down upon sheets in the 
manner of catching curculios. They are not attracted by 
lights at night to any extent. 
N. 8. Smith, Buffalo, N. Y., published a remedy nearly 
