BORERS. 85 
tion. At such points, or in other weak places, the borers 
are nearly always found. The majority of all the trees 
which I have known to be infested with these borers had 
crooked trunks. 
REMEDIES, 
The Flat-headed Borer is easily destroyed by crushing 
after the dead bark is removed. ‘The bark, being dead, 
is of no more use to the tree, and it had better be cut off; 
otherwise it soon becomes loose, and affords a hiding- 
place for insects. If the denuded surface is large, it 
should be protected by wax or by cow dung, tied on with 
cloths. Newly-set trees are soon ruined by an attack, 
and they should be examined every month from July to 
October. 
CO. Baker, in ‘‘ Kansas Farmer,” recommends the use 
of kerosene oil, freely pourcd on the bark, as a remedy 
for borers. 
